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The End of History and the Last Man: Wit a New Afterword Paperback – 1 Mar. 2006

English edition by Francis Fukuyama (Autor)
4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 722 ratings
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Ever since its first publication in 1992, the New York Times bestselling The End of History and the Last Man has provoked controversy and debate. "Profoundly realistic and important...supremely timely and cogent...the first book to fully fathom the depth and range of the changes now sweeping through the world." —The Washington Post Book World

Francis Fukuyama's prescient analysis of religious fundamentalism, politics, scientific progress, ethical codes, and war is as essential for a world fighting fundamentalist terrorists as it was for the end of the Cold War. Now updated with a new afterword, The End of History and the Last Man is a modern classic.
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  1. Print length
    464 pages
  2. Language
    English
  3. Publication date
    1 Mar. 2006
  4. Dimensions
    13.97 x 2.79 x 21.43 cm
  5. ISBN-10
    0743284550
  6. ISBN-13
    978-0743284554
  7. See all details
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Review

"Awesome...a landmark...profoundly realistic and important...supremely timely and cogent...the first book to fully fathom the depth and range of the changes now sweeping through the world."

-- George Gilder, The Washington Post Book World

"Bold, lucid, scandalously brilliant. Until now, the triumph of the West was merely a fact. Fukuyama has given it a deep and highly original meaning."

-- Charles Krauthammer

"Clearly written...Immensely ambitious...A tightly argued work of political philosophy...Fukuyama deserves to have his argument taken seriously."

-- William H. McNeill, The New York Times Book Review

"Provocative and elegant...Complex and interesting...Fukuyama is to be applauded for posing important questions in serious and stimulating ways."

-- Ronald Steel, USA Today

"Extraordinary...Controversial...A superb book. Whether or not one accepts his thesis, he has injected serious political philosophy into the discussion of political affairs and thereby significantly enriched it."

-- Mackubin Thomas Owens, The Washington Times

About the Author

Francis Fukuyama is a Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) at Stanford University, and Mosbacher DIrector of FSI's Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law. Dr. Fukuyama has written about questions concerning governance, democratization, and international political economy. His book The End of History and the Last Man has appeared in over twenty foreign editions. His most recent books are The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution, and Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy.

Product details

  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Free Press; Reissue edition (1 Mar. 2006)
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Paperback ‏ : ‎ 464 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0743284550
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0743284554
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 13.97 x 2.79 x 21.43 cm
  • Customer reviews:
    4.4 4.4 out of 5 stars 722 ratings

About the author

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Francis Fukuyama

Francis Fukuyama

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Francis Fukuyama is Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) at Stanford University, and Mosbacher DIrector of FSI's Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law.

Dr. Fukuyama has writtenon questions concerning governance, democratization, and international political economy. His book, The End of History and the Last Man, was published by Free Press in 1992 and has appeared in over twenty foreign editions. His most recent books are The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution, and Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy. His book Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment will be published in Septmer 2018.

Francis Fukuyama received his B.A. from Cornell University in classics, and his Ph.D. from Harvard in Political Science. He was a member of the Political Science Department of the RAND Corporation from 1979-1980, then again from 1983-89, and from 1995-96. In 1981-82 and in 1989 he was a member of the Policy Planning Staff of the US Department of State, and was a member of the US delegation to the Egyptian-Israeli talks on Palestinian autonomy. From 1996-2000 he was Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Professor of Public Policy at the School of Public Policy at George Mason University, and from 2001-2010 he was Bernard L. Schwartz Professor of International Political Economy at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. He served as a member of the President’s Council on Bioethics from 2001-2004.

Francis Fukuyama is married to Laura Holmgren and lives in Palo Alto, California.

March 2018

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4.4 out of 5 stars
4.4 out of 5
722 global ratings

Top reviews from Germany

Anna K.
5.0 out of 5 stars deep, philosophical and entertaining
Reviewed in Germany on 27 September 2014
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I like this book for its attempt to go deep in exploring the political order - looking at the nature of a man and the essence of life. At the same time, it combines this depth with entertaining examples, making it fun to read.
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Fernando Seabra (fernando_seabra@hotmail.com)
4.0 out of 5 stars A Fantastic and Provocative Book!
Reviewed in Germany on 2 September 1998
I have read this book because a friend told me to do it. I was surprised with it! Though some of Mr. Fukuyama's conclusions are quite exagerated I think that in many aspects you will have to agree with him. It is a book that makes you think who are we and waht are we doing? Is democracy the response to human kind problems? In conclusion: it is quite a boook, if you know what I mean!
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Ernesto Yattah (eyattah@hotmail.com)
5.0 out of 5 stars An excellent in-depth analysis of modern geopolitical realit
Reviewed in Germany on 12 May 1999
The End Of History And The Last Man, by Francis Fukuyama: A Review
It is seldom that one comes across a book which can hold us spellbound from beginning to end. But this is the case of this masterpiece by Fukuyama. In this book, Fukuyama proposes a return to Hegel's historiosophical concept of a Universal History which has a clear direction, purpose and progress. After having passed through many stages of development, history has finally come to its end. This, of course, does not mean that time has come to an end. Life and death will continue, the season of the year and the passage of the decades go forward. But history is a particular process in which we witness specific changes in the political organization and cultural arrangements of human societies. This process seems to evolve in accordance with specific laws, such as the expansion of the levels of human freedom. The liberal democracies developed in the modern times are the culmination of such a process, because they embody the fullness of the ideal of human freedom. Sure, there are adjustments which can be made to perfect particular democracies, but the concept itself of democracy as the self-determination of peoples cannot be improved upon. Hence, history has reached its end, its goal.
Fukuyama brilliantly developes throughout the book the theme of Plato's tripartite division of the human soul into reason, passion and desire, and its consequences for political science. Political systems are reflections of human yearnings, the attempt of human beings to give full expression to their own humanness. What ultimately matters is how a particular society balances these three elements of human nature. Hegel's thesis is that history begins with the first man who was able to gain mastery over his fellow man and thus achieve a level of recognition as a superior being. Masters come to rule over slaves first and foremost because they are able to face courageously the fear of death, whereas slaves prefer to obey submissively the stronger man than to forfeit their own lives. Fear of death is the primary motivation of the slave. Aristocrats, on the other hand, are driven by the impulse to seek superior recognition through fearless self-sacrifice in battle and war. The element of the human soul which is emphasized in aristocratic societies is passion (thymos).
Modern liberal democracies came into existence as the reslut of a rebellion of the masses of servants who yearned for freedom and recognition of their value as human beings. Theirs too was a search based on thymos, but it is distinguisgable from the thymos of the aristocracy. The masses search for the dignity that comes with the equality of all human beings (isothymia), is contradistinction to the aristocratic dignity which is based on their lordship over other people (megalothymia). A liberal democracy is based on the principle of freedom and equality of all human beings.
But what is the purpose of a liberal democratic system ? Here is where Fukuyama's analysis reaches its peak of subtlety. The end of human life is "the pursuit of happiness", understood as the search for safety, survival, comfort and material well-being. The furtherance of private property to the highest possible degree becomes the ultimate expression of success in a liberal democracy such as the one in the United States. In order to assure the accomplishment of happiness for the largest possible number of people we must restrict the impulse of thymos and allow for the development of the rational side of human nature. Through science, human beings come to subdue nature and are thus capable of fulfilling as well the third part of their souls, "desire". Reason and desire go hand in hand, the former being the means to satisfy the latter. The two of them thrive best in the context of the peaceful coexistence of human beings who show, above all, the virtue of tolerance for the differences of their fellow human beings.
One might think that such an ideal picture would be easily supported by all people. But the nature of thymos is not to be restricted without its devastating consequences. Its elimination carries with it the trivialization of human pursuits. The modern liberal man finds himself suffocated under the weight of unbearably petty pursuits and wants which diminish his sense of meaningfulness in life. He wastes his life away in the meaningless search for comfort and lives constantly with the crippling fear of loosing his security, safety and comfort. He becomes sub-human. He looses all the ideals for which his ancestors were willing to risk their lives.
Democracy may have built into itself a contradiction which may become its nemesis. The last man, having achieved physical security and material well-being under the protection of the peaceful coexistence of liberal democracies, may find a gnawing sense of dis-satisfaction that could drive him, in his pursuit of meaning for himself and the world surrounding him, to renewed conflict with his fellow human beings.
In the wake of an incredible wave of democratization in the world, following the collapse of communism and authoritarianism, we must face the question of whether we are in some sense approaching the end of history. Are we coming to the culmination of a linear process that once fulfilled may usher in a new era a peaceful coexistence, or will we experience a rebellion of the human soul against a system that imposes the imprint of shallow materialism across all borders ? This question is one which remains yet to be answered. Fukuyama has brought us, in an impeccably lucid and compelling way, to the edge of our historical journey, and he provided us with tools to understand and appreciate the ultimate existential dilemma which we now face. His work has unquestionably earned its rightful place as a classic in contemporary political theory.
6 people found this helpful
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Todd Winer
5.0 out of 5 stars A must-read even for the lay public
Reviewed in Germany on 8 August 1999
This book deeply impressed me. Before I started reading it, I was skeptical concerning the author's views. But after completing it I can only nod my head in full agreement. Not only does he do an excellent job in articulating and defending his position, the seven years that have passed since the book's publication confirm the trends that he describes. In addition, Mr. Fukuyama is a wonderful writer in that his writing style flows almost like a story. Finally, I would hate to think that potential readers would be reluctant to buy the book fearing that its prognosis for society is a negative one. On the contrary, the message is optimistic. Even inspirational. I would recommend this book even for people who have no interest in history, politics, sociology, or even reading for that matter. Enjoy.
4 people found this helpful
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Won Joon Choe
5.0 out of 5 stars Last Word on Political Philosophy
Reviewed in Germany on 26 June 1998
One of the most misunderstood books in recent memory. Its widespread misreading is testament to Nietzsche's observation that few today in our mediocre age know how to read well. Contrary to popular conception Fukuyama is a closet Nietzschean who foresees the inevitable collapse of liberal democracy and hence of the modern political dream. Fukuyama returns to the Platonic view that there is no political solution to the human problem. This is probably the Last Word on political philosophy.
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BomBom
5.0 out of 5 stars Exceeded expectations
Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 12 April 2023
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Arrived very quickly and much sooner than predicted by Amazon.
Quality was better than announced too!
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Mário Castro
5.0 out of 5 stars Bom livro
Reviewed in Spain on 5 March 2022
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Bom livro.
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Gabriele V.
3.0 out of 5 stars Qualità e materiali di stampa mediocri
Reviewed in Italy on 8 January 2022
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La mia valutazione non è riferita all'opera stessa, bensì alla qualità di stampa che considerò mediocre. Sia la copertina che le pagine stesse del libro sono realizzate con una carta estremamente sottile e di bassa qualità, e ciò è la causa della facilità con cui il libro si rovina.
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Chris
5.0 out of 5 stars intégrité du produit et célérité de la livraison
Reviewed in Canada on 7 March 2020
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c'est exactement ce que je voulais.
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Samved Iyer.
5.0 out of 5 stars Greatly Analytical
Reviewed in India on 6 January 2021
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So perspicacious has Fukuyama been in his book that there is little ground for an outright repudiation of his hypothesis. There indeed are unmistakable indicia of the world's gradual gravitation towards liberal democracy; not C.B. Macpherson's interpretation of a liberal democracy as democratic socialism but a democracy rooted in classical liberal or neoliberal principles. He also discerned most possible criticisms of his hypothesis and has addressed them with ease. The only question to which I find no sufficient addressal, his cognizance thereof notwithstanding, was the manner in which such democracy could possibly triumph over the virulent resurgence of the political Left. A compelling read, nonetheless.
2 people found this helpful
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