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"My, my, my. Such a lot of guns around town and so few brains." (Marlowe), 30. Dezember 2008
Raymond Chandler dominates the crime novel in the way that Anton Chekhov dominates the short story - it's almost impossible to imagine the genre as we know it today without being conscious of the long shadow he has cast over almost all writers that followed him. In the seven novels he wrote - and the twenty or so short stories - he took the trashy pulp-fiction, hardboiled detective story and turned it into something highly sophisticated and nuanced. "Down those mean streets a man must go who is not himself mean," Chandler famously wrote in "The Simple Art of Murder."
"The Big Sleep" (1939) is the first novel to feature the private-eye Philip Marlowe, and is derived from two short stories, "Killer in the Rain" (1935) and "The Curtain" (1936). It is considered one of Chandler's best works.
About an hour before noon on a mid-October day in the 1930s, Philip Marlowe drove through downtown Los Angeles. The sun was not shining, and there was a "look of hard rain in the clearness of the foothills." The shabbiness of Bunker Hill made him think of its days of respectability. Soon he headed west on Wilshire Boulevard, turning to the north at La Cienega, he crossed Santa Monica and Sunset Boulevards and found his way into the hills of West Hollywood, to the home of General Guy Sternwood. As Marlowe entered the Sternwood mansion, he looked up to see, on a stained-glass panel, a knight in dark armor rescuing a lady who was tied to a tree. The lady was without clothes, but she was wearing long and convenient hair. In this fashion, Chandler introduced his hero who was to become the epitome of them all. The story is infamously complex and sometimes hard to follow, with many characters all double-crossing and triple-crossing each other. In all seven novels, Marlowe was looking for ladies to rescue or the little fellow who needed help. Most of Marlowe's sympathy was spent on General Sternwood, once virile, now sick and helpless. His two problems were his two daughters, neither of whom had "any more moral sense than a cat."
Marlowe can be as brutally tough as Sam Spade or as uncertain and troubled as a Kafka hero. Add this persona to a prose style of limpid assurance and a feel for atmosphere as good as you'll find in any fiction, and one quickly understands why Raymond Chandler bestrides the genre like a giant. One could argue that his plots were not perfectly worked out. The dénouement in The Big Sleep is not entirely successful, because it comes from surprise not development, and because the villainess is ill rather than criminal. Marlowe's major motive is sentimentality allied to loyalty in one part of a double plot structure.
The novel was made into a movie directed by Howard Hawks and scripted by William Faulkner, Leigh Brackett and Jules Futhman and had an excellent cast, most notably Humphrey Bogart (Marlowe) and Lauren Bacall (Vivien Sherwood). Although the film closely follows the novel, it became so inextricably complicated that even Raymond Chandler claimed about one murder he did not know "who done it." (Even in the book it isn't solved, and I would like to leave that to the reader.) Nevertheless, it is vastly enjoyable along the way for its slangy script and star performances.
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Shop-Soiled Galahad, 18. Februar 1999
Von Ein Kunde
A work so complex that even the author didn't know exactly who did what to whom and why may sound confusing to your average reader of mystery stories--especially one who wants the plot resolved neatly and tidily. Yet Raymond Chandler's The Big Sleep pulls it off remarkably. A lesser writer never would have succeeded, however, Chandler's prose is so captivating, and Philip Marlowe is such a an endearing scoundrel, that it is easy to over-look such trivialities as plot. Although he was an obsessive, Chandler never was one for neat and tidy plots. In fact, as he even admitted, he wasn't much for plots at all. In this book, considered by many to be his finest, he achieves his highest unity of dialogue, plot and characterization. Philip Marlowe seems to skulk across the page in a glancing fashion (and if that makes sense to you, you HAVE been reading too much Chandler). Wry, self-depracating, witty, and unfathomably intelligent, he becomes the shop worn galahad, the original noir detective. If at times the lines seem a bit cliched, the film noir quality painted on a bit thick, the reader must keep in mind, this is where it came from first. Without Raymond Chandler, there would have been no Blade Runner. As both a linguist and a writer, I am infinitely in love with both Chandler's work and Philip Marlowe. There is an intelligence in this prose that is rarely found anywhere, let alone detective fiction. And his similes and metaphors are simply the best anyone has ever written. I read my first Chandler while working on an honors research project as an undergrad and was so captivated I read all of his stuff straight through. If you only have time to read one or two of his works, start here and then read Farewell My lovely, but I gaurantee, anyone who loves words and the American Language won't be able to stop there.
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Creating A Template, 9. Mai 2000
It's often been said that Raymond Chandler is the quintessential writer about Los Angeles in the 1940's in the way that Faulkner fictionalized the American South. The Big Sleep is the best example of Chandler's affinity for the city, particularly in the light of it's unique blend of pre-fabricated history associated with the film industry and the pre-Hollywood era. That being said, it's a bit ironic that we tend to think of Philip Marlowe as personified by Humphrey Bogart, even though he's been played by several actors over the years and the film of The Big Sleep is markedly different from the book."Chandleresque" suggests a certain style of writing and of using metaphors and language that can't really be described to anyone unfamiliar with his work without lapsing into stereotype. For any other mystery writer, that would be a negative, but since Chandler is the man who, with The Big Sleep, more or less invented the detective novel as we know it today it's astonishing to read and realize what kind of impact it might have had on those who read the first printing. The Big Sleep introduces Philip Marlowe as the private eye who is both uncorruptable and one step ahead of his antagonists. His characterization is what drives the story, which as mysteries go is not the most suspensful or even all that mysterious. Indeed, the "mystery" such as it is is barely given notice by Chandler, short of the necessities. While there are some good plot twists, they seem to come together in a generally haphazard manner. None of that matters, because the main interest is in what Marlowe will do next and how he will react. Chandler creates some interesting supporting characters as well, but they float in and out of the story overwhelmed by the protagonist. The Big Sleep is an excellent starting point for getting re-acquainted with classic detective fiction and exploring the development of the genre. It's a relatively quick read as well, which helps the suspense build and leaves you wanting more. It's also a classic vessel for channeling the aura of Los Angeles as it was in what we consider to be its heyday, and what Chandler considered to be something else altogether.
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