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Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty (Rough Cut) [Rauer Buchschnitt] [Englisch] [Gebundene Ausgabe]

Daron Acemoglu , James Robinson
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Kurzbeschreibung

20. März 2012

Brilliant and engagingly written, Why Nations Fail answers the question that has stumped the experts for centuries: Why are some nations rich and others poor, divided by wealth and poverty, health and sickness, food and famine?

Is it culture, the weather, geography? Perhaps ignorance of what the right policies are?

Simply, no. None of these factors is either definitive or destiny. Otherwise, how to explain why Botswana has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world, while other African nations, such as Zimbabwe, the Congo, and Sierra Leone, are mired in poverty and violence?

Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson conclusively show that it is man-made political and economic institutions that underlie economic success (or lack of it). Korea, to take just one of their fascinating examples, is a remarkably homogeneous nation, yet the people of North Korea are among the poorest on earth while their brothers and sisters in South Korea are among the richest. The south forged a society that created incentives, rewarded innovation, and allowed everyone to participate in economic opportunities. The economic success thus spurred was sustained because the government became accountable and responsive to citizens and the great mass of people. Sadly, the people of the north have endured decades of famine, political repression, and very different economic institutions—with no end in sight. The differences between the Koreas is due to the politics that created these completely different institutional trajectories.

Based on fifteen years of original research Acemoglu and Robinson marshall extraordinary historical evidence from the Roman Empire, the Mayan city-states, medieval Venice, the Soviet Union, Latin America, England, Europe, the United States, and Africa to build a new theory of political economy with great relevance for the big questions of today, including:

   - China has built an authoritarian growth machine. Will it continue to grow at such high speed and overwhelm the West?
   - Are America’s best days behind it? Are we moving from a virtuous circle in which efforts by elites to aggrandize power are resisted to a vicious one that enriches and empowers a small minority?
   - What is the most effective way to help move billions of people from the rut of poverty to prosperity? More
philanthropy from the wealthy nations of the West? Or learning the hard-won lessons of Acemoglu and Robinson’s breakthrough ideas on the interplay between inclusive political and economic institutions?

Why Nations Fail will change the way you look at—and understand—the world.


Hinweise und Aktionen

  • Hinweis: Dieses Buch hat einen sogenannten "rauen Buchschnitt" oder auch "rough cut", weshalb die Seiten unregelmäßig geschnitten sind.


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Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty (Rough Cut) + Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty + Thinking, Fast and Slow
Preis für alle drei: EUR 38,25

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Produktbeschreibungen

Pressestimmen

"...bracing, garrulous, wildly ambitious and ultimately hopeful. It may, in fact, be a bit of a masterpiece."Washington Post

“For economics and political-science students, surely, but also for the general reader who will appreciate how gracefully the authors wear their erudition.”Kirkus Reviews
 
“Provocative stuff; backed by lots of brain power.”Library Journal

“This is an intellectually rich book that develops an important thesis with verve. It should be widely read.”Financial Times

“A probing . . . look at the roots of political and economic success . . . large and ambitious new book.” The Daily

Why Nations Fail is a splendid piece of scholarship and a showcase of economic rigor.” —The Wall Street Journal

"Ranging from imperial Rome to modern Botswana, this book will change the way people think about the wealth and poverty of nations...as ambitious as Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel."
Bloomberg BusinessWeek

“The main strength of this book is beyond the power of summary: it is packed, from beginning to end, with historical vignettes that are both erudite and fascinating. As Jared Diamond says on the cover: 'It will make you a spellbinder at parties.' But it will also make you think.” —The  Observer (UK)

"A brilliant book.” Bloomberg (Jonathan Alter)

Why Nations Fail is a wildly ambitious work that hopscotches through history and around the world to answer the very big question of why some countries get rich and others don’t.” The New York Times (Chrystia Freeland)

"Why Nations Failis a truly awesome book. Acemoglu and Robinson tackle one of the most important problems in the social sciences—a question that has bedeviled leading thinkers for centuries—and offer an answer that is brilliant in its simplicity and power. A wonderfully readable mix of history, political science, and economics, this book will change the way we think about economic development. Why Nations Fail is a must-read book." —Steven Levitt, coauthor of Freakonomics

"You will have three reasons to love this book. It’s about national income differences within the modern world, perhaps the biggest problem facing the world today. It’s peppered with fascinating stories that will make you a spellbinder at cocktail parties—such as why Botswana is prospering and Sierra Leone isn’t. And it’s a great read. Like me, you may succumb to reading it in one go, and then you may come back to it again and again." —Jared Diamond, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of the bestsellers Guns, Germs, and Steel and Collapse

"A compelling and highly readable book. And [the] conclusion is a cheering one: the authoritarian ‘extractive’ institutions like the ones that drive growth in China today are bound to run out of steam. Without the inclusive institutions that first evolved in the West, sustainable growth is impossible, because only a truly free society can foster genuine innovation and the creative destruction that is its corollary." —Niall Ferguson, author of The Ascent of Money

"Some time ago a little-known Scottish philosopher wrote a book on what makes nations succeed and what makes them fail. The Wealth of Nations is still being read today. With the same perspicacity and with the same broad historical perspective, Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson have retackled this same question for our own times. Two centuries from now our great-great- . . . -great grandchildren will be, similarly, reading Why Nations Fail." —George Akerlof, Nobel laureate in economics, 2001

"Why Nations Fail is so good in so many ways that I despair of listing them all. It explains huge swathes of human history. It is equally at home in Asia, Africa and the Americas. It is fair to left and right and every flavor in between. It doesn’t pull punches but doesn’t insult just to gain attention. It illuminates the past as it gives us a new way to think about the present. It is that rare book in economics that convinces the reader that the authors want the best for ordinary people. It will provide scholars with years of argument and ordinary readers with years of did-you-know-that dinner conversation. It has some jokes, which are always welcome. It is an excellent book and should be purchased forthwith, so to encourage the authors to keep working." —Charles C. Mann, author of 1491 and 1493

“Imagine sitting around a table listening to Jared Diamond, Joseph Schumpeter, and James Madison reflect on over two thousand years of political and economic history.  Imagine that they weave their ideas into a coherent theoretical framework based on limiting extraction, promoting creative destruction, and creating strong political institutions that share power and you begin to see the contribution of this brilliant and engagingly written book.” —Scott E. Page, University of Michigan and Santa Fre Institute

“This fascinating and readable book centers on the complex joint evolution of political and economic institutions, in good directions and bad. It strikes a delicate balance between the logic of political and economic behavior and the shifts in direction created by contingent historical events, large and small at ‘critical junctures.' Acemoglu and Robinson provide an enormous range of historical examples to show how such shifts can tilt toward favorable institutions, progressive innovation and economic success or toward repressive institutions and eventual decay or stagnation. Somehow they can generate both excitement and reflection.” —Robert Solow, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 1987

“It’s the politics, stupid! That is Acemoglu and Robinson’s simple yet compelling explanation for why so many countries fail to develop. From the absolutism of the Stuarts to the antebellum South, from Sierra Leone to Colombia, this magisterial work shows how powerful elites rig the rules to benefit themselves at the expense of the many.  Charting a careful course between the pessimists and optimists, the authors demonstrate history and geography need not be destiny. But they also document how sensible economic ideas and policies often achieve little in the absence of fundamental political change.”—Dani Rodrik, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

“Two of the world’s best and most erudite economists turn to the hardest  issue of all: why are some nations poor and others rich? Written with a deep knowledge of economics and political history, this is perhaps the most powerful statement made to date that ‘institutions matter.’  A provocative, instructive, yet thoroughly enthralling book.” —Joel Mokyr, Robert H. Strotz Professor of Arts and Sciences and Professor of Economics and History, Northwestern University

“A brilliant and uplifting book—yet also a deeply disturbing wake-up call. Acemoglu and Robinson lay out a convincing theory of almost everything to do with economic development. Countries rise when they put in place the right pro-growth political institutions and they fail—often spectacularly—when those institutions ossify or fail to adapt.  Powerful people always and everywhere seek to grab complete control over government, undermining broader social progress for their own greed. Keep those people in check with effective democracy or watch your nation fail.” —Simon Johnson, co-author of 13 Bankers and professor at MIT Sloan

“This important and insightful book, packed with historical examples, makes the case that inclusive political institutions in support of inclusive economic institutions is key to sustained prosperity. The book reviews how some good regimes got launched and then had a virtuous spiral, while bad regimes remain in a vicious spiral.  This is important analysis not to be missed.” —Peter Diamond, Nobel Laureate in Economics
 
“Acemoglu and Robinson have made an important contribution to the debate as to why similar-looking nations differ so greatly in their economic and political development. Through a broad multiplicity of historical examples, they show how institutional developments, sometimes based on very accidental circumstances, have had enormous consequences. The openness of a society, its willingness to permit creative destruction, and the rule of  appear to be decisive for economic development.” —Kenneth Arrow, Professor Emeritus, Stanford University, Nobel Laureate in Economics, 1972
 
“Acemoglu and Robinson—two of the world's leading experts on development—reveal why it is not geography, disease, or culture which explains why some nations are rich and some poor, but rather a matter of institutions and politics. This highly accessible book provides welcome insight to specialists and general readers alike.” —Francis Fukuyama, author of The End of History and the Last Man and The Origins of Political Order

“Some time ago a little known Scottish philosopher wrote a book on what makes nations succeed and what makes them fail.  The Wealth of Nations is still being read today.  With the same perspicacity and with the same broad historical perspective, Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson have re-tackled this same question for our own times.  Two centuries from now our great-great-…-great grandchildren will be, similarly, reading Why Nations F...

Über den Autor

DARON ACEMOGLU is the Killian Professor of Economics at MIT. In 2005 he received the John Bates Clark Medal awarded to economists under forty judged to have made the most significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge.


JAMES A. ROBINSON, a political scientist and an economist, is the David Florence Professor of Government at Harvard University. A world-renowned expert on Latin America and Africa, he has worked in Botswana, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, and South Africa.


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9 von 9 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
5.0 von 5 Sternen Inklusiv oder Extraktion 12. September 2012
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe|Von Amazon bestätigter Kauf
Ein mutiger neuer erklarungsansatz für missglückte Staaten, der gründlich mit den bisherigen Determinanten Religion, Kultur, Wetter oder Klima aufräumt und deutlich macht, dass Institutionen über wohl und wehe des Wohlstands entscheiden. Inklusive, d. H. Offene politische Systeme mit klaren geistigen und materiellen Eigentumsrechten sorgen für "inklusive" und damit wohlstandssteigernde wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen.

Kultur als Determinante - widerlegt durch Korea und eine mexikanisch amerikanische doppelstadt und ihre jeweiligen leistungsunterschiede. Religion, protestantische Ethik? Auch Singapur ist ohne Protestantismus aufgestiegen, Südkorea, Taiwan ebenso. Der allen scheiternden Staaten gemeinsame Nenner ist die "extraktive" Wirtschaftsordnung, der Verzicht auf anreize für die Leistungen der eigenen arbeit. Was sich wie der empirische Beweis der Richtigkeit der Thesen Francis fukuyamas liest, trägt die Warnung in sich, dass auch die liberale Demokratie am Ende der Geschichte "Extraktive", leistungshemmende und wohlstandsmindernde systemische Ansätze bilden kann.

Mit Sicherheit ist den Autoren mit dem Begriffspaar extraktiv/inklusive ein großer Wurf gelungen, der deutlich mehr trennscharfe aufweist als bisherige unabhängige Variablen - nur ganz neutralisieren lassen sich kulturelle und religiöse Einflüsse nicht, da sie auf die ordnenden Institutionen rückkoppeln.
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Von Franz
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The book by Acemoglu and Robinson is inspiring, eye- and mind opening, especially for those not yet familiar with the idea of institutions structuring human societies and development. The book is very rich of historical examples underlining the theory of extractive and inclusive institutions, leading to either prosperity or failure of nations. After reading the book, which is recommended, one sees the world in a different way and one becomes aware of extractive institutions nearly everywhere: Bangladeshi workers in the garment factories, the domestic workers, the agricultural laborers, children working for little or no wages, generally poverty and environmental destruction ' all are the result of extractive institutions.
The problem is that the institutional theory is rather broad and every example provided by the authors can also be explained entirely by extractive institutions only ' also the success of the developed and democratic nations. Another problem is that the authors cannot draw a clear line between extractive institutions and inclusive institutions. But that is not so much a problem created by the authors as it lies in the nature of institutions: Every type of institution always includes some and excludes others because institutions are specific with regards to whom the apply. What is also outstanding is the neglect to reflect on the institutions in place in the USA and other developed nations, which may have the most extractive institutions of all nations today.
Let us set up a counter-hypothesis: only extractive institutions are at play and explain economic growth ' on different levels of society, by different actors, and by different numbers of actors with more or less privileges and power. The smaller the group of actors benefiting from effective extractive institutions and the greater the inequality between the rents they extract and those of the rest of society, the less likely it is that they can keep the extractive institutions in place for long. Depending on the extent of political power they have, of course. At some point redistribution of wealth from extraction will occur, either peacefully or violently.
Not only a minority of elites in developing countries set up and benefit extractive institutions. Also a majority population or entire nations can benefit from extractive institutions, for example by dictating the terms of international trade and subsidizing their agricultural sectors. America is operating under extractive institutions despite its democratic political system ' or maybe because of the opportunities it creates for economically powerful elites intertwined with the political elites. Rightly the authors point to the fact that political and economic markets interplay. A look at the situation in America shows that the less economically empowered are basically politically disempowered. Those are for example the farmers forced to grow seeds provided by multinational companies or the lower income population (economically) forced to buy and eat cheap and unhealthy food produced with subsidized maize and soybeans ' just those crops which are protected by patents held by the same multinationals. The food industry in America which has spread far across its borders, is an example of extractive institutions at play par excellence.
So its not enough to set up these two categories of extractive and inclusive institutions with only one measure of success: economic growth and prosperity. Just like you need to look at the multidimensionality of poverty in order to understand it better, you need to look at the entire quality of life and that of the natural environment, which is the ultimate basis for life. Rising income inequality, decreasing happiness and degrading natural environments are indicators of extractive institutions at play also in the developed world. Maybe it is just not as visible for those residing within the nations benefiting from extraction.
Both, the developed and developing nations are operating under extractive institutions. It is just more obvious when seeing poverty on the streets of Dhaka or Delhi or unimaginable riches of dictators in Africa or Russia. Who is to judge how much is enough? These are the more pressing question of today: How many people need to benefit from extraction before extractive institutions become inclusive and how extractive can we be before the earth's life support systems collapse?
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The central thesis of the book is quite simple: Prosperity is achieved when economical institutions are inclusive (allowing all citizens to participate and compete in markets under fair conditions) These inclusive economic institutions require inclusive political institutions, which allow different groups to participate in the political decision-making process. If that is not the case, if small elites are allowed to dominate politics, then they will manipulate economic institutions to their own benefit, extracting wealth from the other groups. Hence the labelling of these institutions as extractive. This thesis is elaborated on the 460 pages of the book, and the historical pathways of different societies leading to either inclusive or extractive institutions are analyzed.
Examples acrually range from England to Kongo, from Australia to Argentina, from the old Maya Civilisation to modern day China. It is a dizzying array of examples, and occasionally one has the feeling that the historical events described in the book must have been more complex Therefore occasionally I have wondered whether these events really fit so perfectly into the line of arguments, which the authors have developed.
And while they describe quite well what they understand as inclusive economic institutions (property rights, market access, 'level playing field' etc.) the definition of inclusive institutions remains a bit hazy. It's not democracy, but 'pluralism', 19th century Japan qualifies, Argentina does not.
ButI found it a very interesting and thought-provoking book, which I wholeheartedly recommend. As somebody who is working in the field of development I find it lamentable that development orthodoxy since the Eighties is completely dominated by economic prescriptions (which hardly have worked). The rediscovering of politics and policies (and institutions) as an important precondition for growth and development was long overdue. And even if reality is too complexe to be fully covered even on 460 pages, this book certainly provides a good starting point.
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5.0 von 5 Sternen Super Buch
Kritikpunkte: Eindimensionale Verdichtung der Erfolgsfaktoren, Verzicht auf breite Statistiken, stellenweise Wiederholungen. Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 6 Tagen von Andreas Strenzke veröffentlicht
5.0 von 5 Sternen sehr informativ, sehr kurzweilig
Anhand von historischen Ereignissen der jüngeren und älteren Vergangenheit bauen die Autoren ihre Argumentation auf, warum bestimmte Regierungsformen und Strukturen... Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 8 Tagen von buyordie veröffentlicht
4.0 von 5 Sternen Interesting idea made into a longish book
The key insight of "Why nations fail" is: Good political (i.e. inclusive and participatory institutions) and correspondingly good economic systems enter into a symbiotic... Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 1 Monat von Ulrich Keilholz veröffentlicht
4.0 von 5 Sternen Verständlich geschrieben
Die zentrale These des Buches ist folgende: Nationen sind erfolgreich oder erfolglos je nach Ausprägung der politischen und ökonomischen Institutionen. Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 3 Monaten von PST veröffentlicht
5.0 von 5 Sternen Großartige Gedanken, aber dickleibig
Die Argumentation, die die Autoren aufbauen, ist mehr als nur interessant. Sie regt wirklich und tiefgehend zum Nachdenken an. Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 4 Monaten von Stefan Sasse veröffentlicht
4.0 von 5 Sternen Die Politik der Ausbeutung
"It's not the economy, stupid, it's politics" lautet sinngemäß die Antwort von Acemoglu & Robinson auf den bekannten und vielzitierten Wahlkampschlager von Bill Clinton. Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 5 Monaten von OldboY veröffentlicht
5.0 von 5 Sternen Sehr gut
Ich bin sehr zufrieden. Ich danke vielmals

Alles in ordnung. Ich habe gute erfahrung. Kein problem.

Mit herzliche Grüssen.

Numan Hazar
Vor 7 Monaten von N. Hazar veröffentlicht
3.0 von 5 Sternen Ausbeutung oder Demokratie
In diesem Buch geht es darum, wie die politische Ausrichtung eines Landes dessen wirtschaftlichen Erfolg bestimmt (und umgekehrt). Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 9 Monaten von Frank Reibold veröffentlicht
5.0 von 5 Sternen great book
it is a mind opener on the ways of moving forward or backward with economy and poloitics . it's my first acadimic book that i read for pleasure :)
Vor 9 Monaten von Totta2k veröffentlicht
1.0 von 5 Sternen Schlicht erbärmlich
Das Buch ist für mich keine Empfehlung. Ansätze, die Versuchen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Erfolg bzw. Lesen Sie weiter...
Vor 9 Monaten von GOK veröffentlicht
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