"The Sirius Mystery" begins with the superficially perplexing matter of Griaule and Dieterlen's published work on the Dogon tribe of West Africa. It is claimed that the central teachings of the Dogon society include knowledge of the invisible white dwarf companion of Sirius (Sirius B), of a third companion star associated with the Sirius system, and of other astronomical matters, such as the moons of Jupiter, that would be expected to be known only to societies with access to a telescope. All of this knowledge, furthermore, is thought to predate European contact with the Dogon, and perhaps European knowledge of Sirius B as well. From this initial mystery, Temple plunges headlong into a lengthy and detailed consideration of similarities in words, characters and mythic tales among disparate ancient civilizations. This argument, which actually makes up most of the book, is intended to establish the antiquity of the "Sirius Mystery," that in fact the knowledge of the Dogon is a legacy handed down since ancient Egyptian and Sumerian times. Temple comes to what he claims is a logical and reasonable conclusion--that ancient humans were the benefactors of knowledge and perhaps other influences bestowed by amphibious alien beings from the Sirius system.
In evaluating Temple's claims, we can begin with the Dogon. Other anthropologists have consistently failed to verify Griaule and Dieterlen's claims, but let us assume that they were privy to otherwise privileged (gnostic) wisdom of the tribe. Even then, it is notable that the supposed antiquity of Dogon lore regarding Sirius B is not established, and in fact it has been demonstrated that relatively recent introductions, such as the Christ story, can be incorporated into the fundamental tribal wisdom within a generation's time. Carl Sagan and others have suggested that knowledge of Sirius B was brought to the Dogon by prior explorers. Since Sirius, as the brightest star in the sky, can be expected to be extremely important in such a society, knowledge of an invisible companion would be deemed very important indeed. Sagan's idea stands without a shred of evidence for it (there is no knowledge of such prior explorers), but compared to visitation by amphibious aliens, it would seem to have the greater weight. This, of course, is dependent on one's need to believe in wild things.
In any case, the extensive discussion of myth and language in disparate cultures seems weighty if only by virtue of length, and I have little doubt that at least some of the connections Temple draws are real. Others are more questionable, and it would be informative to hear from someone who actually studies ancient languages for a living as to how much of the word-play Temple deduces is just crankery. Temple's scholarship is certainly open to question. For example, the Dogon also believe in a third member of the Sirius system, and this most recent edition of "The Sirius Mystery" makes much of the discovery of a faint star near Sirius that confirms Dogon lore. If one checks the facts, one quickly finds that this star, though located near Sirius in the sky, is in fact several hundred light years away, and is no more a "member" of the Sirius system than our own sun. Mistakes like this one, assuming that they are mistakes, do not inspire confidence.
Neither do Temple's occasional references to his supposed persecution by the CIA, in which he strongly implies that the American government is working to undermine his work. In fact, even notwithstanding the conspiracy theories, "The Sirius Mystery" is rife with the hallmarks of crank science. The book is not especially well-written, and I imagine even the most enthusiastic believers in ancient extraterrestrial visitations will have some trouble getting through it. Others with less of an emotional attachment to such notions are advised simply to steer clear. There is nothing here to justify claims of "earth-shattering" knowledge.