The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains
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Ultimately, The Shallows is a book about the preservation of the human capacity for contemplation and wisdom, in an epoch where both appear increasingly threatened. Nick Carr provides a thought-provoking and intellectually courageous account of how the medium of the Internet is changing the way we think now and how future generations will or will not think. Few works could be more important. --Maryanne Wolf, author of Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain
Kurzbeschreibung
"Is Google making us stupid?" When Nicholas Carr posed that question, in a celebrated Atlantic Monthly cover story, he tapped into a well of anxiety about how the Internet is changing us. He also crystallized one of the most important debates of our time: As we enjoy the Net's bounties, are we sacrificing our ability to read and think deeply? Now, Carr expands his argument into the most compelling exploration of the Internet's intellectual and cultural consequences yet published. As he describes how human thought has been shaped through the centuries by "tools of the mind"--from the alphabet to maps, to the printing press, the clock, and the computer--Carr interweaves a fascinating account of recent discoveries in neuroscience by such pioneers as Michael Merzenich and Eric Kandel. Our brains, the historical and scientific evidence reveals, change in response to our experiences. The technologies we use to find, store, and share information can literally reroute our neural pathways. Building on the insights of thinkers from Plato to McLuhan, Carr makes a convincing case that every information technology carries an intellectual ethic--a set of assumptions about the nature of knowledge and intelligence. He explains how the printed book served to focus our attention, promoting deep and creative thought. In stark contrast, the Internet encourages the rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from many sources. Its ethic is that of the industrialist, an ethic of speed and efficiency, of optimized production and consumption--and now the Net is remaking us in its own image. We are becoming ever more adept at scanning and skimming, but what we are losing is our capacity for concentration, contemplation, and reflection. Part intellectual history, part popular science, and part cultural criticism, The Shallows sparkles with memorable vignettes--Friedrich Nietzsche wrestling with a typewriter, Sigmund Freud dissecting the brains of sea creatures, Nathaniel Hawthorne contemplating the thunderous approach of a steam locomotive--even as it plumbs profound questions about the state of our modern psyche. This is a book that will forever alter the way we think about media and our minds.
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Buchdeckel | Copyright | Inhaltsverzeichnis | Auszug | Stichwortverzeichnis
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dass Nicholas Carr recht hat: Die Nutzung des Internets verändert das Gehirn.
Nicholas Carr argumentiert mit der Plastizität des Gehirnes. Er beschreibt, welche physiologischen Änderungen sich im Gehirn durch bestimmte Verhaltensweisen, wie das Lesen eines Buches oder das "Lesen" einer Webseite ergeben. Er stellt dar, dass die Änderungen jeweils verschieden sind.
Dadurch ergeben sich natürlich auch für den jeweiligen "Gehinbesitzer" andere Fertigkeiten und Schwächen.
Ob diese Veränderung eine positive ist oder nicht, muss letztlich jeder Leser für sich selbst entscheiden, dass sie vorhanden ist, erläutert Nicholas Carr sehr verständlich.
Das Buch ist so geschrieben, dass jeder Abiturient es auch auf Englisch lesen können sollte.
Insgesamt ein wichtiges Buch für die Diskussion über die Nutzung von neuen Medien
Nicholas Carr argumentiert mit der Plastizität des Gehirnes. Er beschreibt, welche physiologischen Änderungen sich im Gehirn durch bestimmte Verhaltensweisen, wie das Lesen eines Buches oder das "Lesen" einer Webseite ergeben. Er stellt dar, dass die Änderungen jeweils verschieden sind.
Dadurch ergeben sich natürlich auch für den jeweiligen "Gehinbesitzer" andere Fertigkeiten und Schwächen.
Ob diese Veränderung eine positive ist oder nicht, muss letztlich jeder Leser für sich selbst entscheiden, dass sie vorhanden ist, erläutert Nicholas Carr sehr verständlich.
Das Buch ist so geschrieben, dass jeder Abiturient es auch auf Englisch lesen können sollte.
Insgesamt ein wichtiges Buch für die Diskussion über die Nutzung von neuen Medien
9 von 10 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
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Puh, das war aber doch irgendwie anstrengend, Herrn Carr über fast 300 Seiten zu folgen. Wenn die Nachforschungen von Nicolas Carr stimmen, hat das (auch) damit zu tun, dass ich - wie die meisten Menschen heutzutage - viel Zeit "im" Internet "verbringe".
Im Mittelpunkt von Carrs Buch steht die These, dass das Internet vom Menschen neue Denk- und vor allem neue Lesegewohnheiten fordert. Wobei "fordert" wohl nicht das richtige Wort ist. "Beibringt" würde es wohl eher treffen; wehren kann man sich dagegen nämlich nicht.. Laut Carr verbessern Internetnutzer ihre Fähigkeit, Texte zügig zu überfliegen und gezielt Informationen aus Texten (die via Bildschirm präsentiert werden) herauszufiltern. Einen längeren Text zu lesen - sprich auch ein Buch - wird aber für den modernen Menschen immer schwieriger. Lange Rede kurzer Sinn: Die Konzentrationsspanne verkürzt sich, logischerweise nimmt die Tiefe mit der man sich mit etwas (Carr wagt hier sogar den Schritt weg von reiner Informationsverarbeitung hin zum Privaten) auseinandersetzt ab. Man befindet sich nur noch im "seichten Wasser", also "in the shallows", so auch der Untertitel der englisch Originalversion. Oder um Carr zu zitieren: "Wir kratzen nur noch an der Oberfläche".
Ich habe das Buch auf Englisch gelesen und finde, dass englisch Sachbücher oft lockerer rüberkommen als die deutschen Übersetzungen. Wissenschaft scheint im englischsprachigen Raum wohl insgesamt weniger staubig als in Deutschland zu sein. Das Buch ist mit Schulenglisch "machbar", anstrengen muss man sich aber schon. Carrs Buch hat Längen, manchmal weicht der Autor ein wenig zu weit vom roten Faden ab und verirrt sich ein wenig auf seinen - durchaus spannenden - Exkursen. Aber halt... Vielleicht liegt das eben auch genau an meiner zu häufigen Internetnutzung. Durchkämpfen ist also die Devise.
Schreibt Carr aber dann doch eng an seinem roten Faden, ist das außerordentlich spannend und verstörend. "Verstörend" vor allem deswegen, weil man sich nicht dagegen wehren kann und weil sich unser Gehirn eben immer ändert; egal, ob wir das so wollen oder nicht. Carrs Buch ist ein wichtiges Buch, weil es klar macht, dass das Internet sicher Vorteile bietet, aber eben auch kein Allheilmittel ist. Wie man mit Carrs Erkenntnissen umgehen soll, bleibt jedem selbst überlassen. Carr liefert keine Patentrezepte, sondern gibt offen und ehrlich zu, dass er - trotz seines Wissens um die Problematik - große Probleme damit hat, selbst passend zu reagieren.
Insgesamt ein lesenswertes und intelligentes Buch mit wichtiger Message. Teil etwas langatmig und ein wenig zu ausufernd; deswegen - immerhin - vier gute Sterne.
Im Mittelpunkt von Carrs Buch steht die These, dass das Internet vom Menschen neue Denk- und vor allem neue Lesegewohnheiten fordert. Wobei "fordert" wohl nicht das richtige Wort ist. "Beibringt" würde es wohl eher treffen; wehren kann man sich dagegen nämlich nicht.. Laut Carr verbessern Internetnutzer ihre Fähigkeit, Texte zügig zu überfliegen und gezielt Informationen aus Texten (die via Bildschirm präsentiert werden) herauszufiltern. Einen längeren Text zu lesen - sprich auch ein Buch - wird aber für den modernen Menschen immer schwieriger. Lange Rede kurzer Sinn: Die Konzentrationsspanne verkürzt sich, logischerweise nimmt die Tiefe mit der man sich mit etwas (Carr wagt hier sogar den Schritt weg von reiner Informationsverarbeitung hin zum Privaten) auseinandersetzt ab. Man befindet sich nur noch im "seichten Wasser", also "in the shallows", so auch der Untertitel der englisch Originalversion. Oder um Carr zu zitieren: "Wir kratzen nur noch an der Oberfläche".
Ich habe das Buch auf Englisch gelesen und finde, dass englisch Sachbücher oft lockerer rüberkommen als die deutschen Übersetzungen. Wissenschaft scheint im englischsprachigen Raum wohl insgesamt weniger staubig als in Deutschland zu sein. Das Buch ist mit Schulenglisch "machbar", anstrengen muss man sich aber schon. Carrs Buch hat Längen, manchmal weicht der Autor ein wenig zu weit vom roten Faden ab und verirrt sich ein wenig auf seinen - durchaus spannenden - Exkursen. Aber halt... Vielleicht liegt das eben auch genau an meiner zu häufigen Internetnutzung. Durchkämpfen ist also die Devise.
Schreibt Carr aber dann doch eng an seinem roten Faden, ist das außerordentlich spannend und verstörend. "Verstörend" vor allem deswegen, weil man sich nicht dagegen wehren kann und weil sich unser Gehirn eben immer ändert; egal, ob wir das so wollen oder nicht. Carrs Buch ist ein wichtiges Buch, weil es klar macht, dass das Internet sicher Vorteile bietet, aber eben auch kein Allheilmittel ist. Wie man mit Carrs Erkenntnissen umgehen soll, bleibt jedem selbst überlassen. Carr liefert keine Patentrezepte, sondern gibt offen und ehrlich zu, dass er - trotz seines Wissens um die Problematik - große Probleme damit hat, selbst passend zu reagieren.
Insgesamt ein lesenswertes und intelligentes Buch mit wichtiger Message. Teil etwas langatmig und ein wenig zu ausufernd; deswegen - immerhin - vier gute Sterne.
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385 von 393 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
Death by a thousand distracting cuts
8. Juni 2010
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe|Von Amazon bestätigter Kauf
In this short but informative, thought-provoking book, Nicholas Carr presents an argument I've long felt to be true on a humanist level, but supports it with considerable scientific research. In fact, he speaks as a longtime computer enthusiast, one who's come to question what he once wholeheartedly embraced ... and even now, he takes care to distinguish between the beneficial & detrimental aspects of the Internet.
The argument in question?
- Greater access to knowledge is not the same as greater knowledge.
- An ever-increasing plethora of facts & data is not the same as wisdom.
- Breadth of knowledge is not the same as depth of knowledge.
- Multitasking is not the same as complexity.
The studies that Carr presents are troubling, to say the least. From what has been gleaned to date, it's clear that the brain retains a certain amount of plasticity throughout life -- that is, it can be reshaped, and the way that we think can be reshaped, for good or for ill. Thus, if the brain is trained to respond to & take pleasure in the faster pace of the digital world, it is reshaped to favor that approach to experiencing the world as a whole. More, it comes to crave that experience, as the body increasingly craves more of anything it's trained to respond to pleasurably & positively. The more you use a drug, the more you need to sustain even the basic rush.
And where does that leave the mind shaped by deep reading? The mind that immerses itself in the universe of a book, rather than simply looking for a few key phrases & paragraphs? The mind that develops through slow, quiet contemplation, mulling over ideas in their entirety, and growing as a result? The mature mind that ponders possibilities & consequences, rather than simply going with the bright, dazzling, digital flow?
Nowhere, it seems.
Carr makes it clear that the digital world, like any other technology that undeniably makes parts of life so much easier, is here to stay. All the more reason, then, to approach it warily, suspiciously, and limit its use whenever possible, since it is so ubiquitous. "Yes, but," many will say, "everything is moving so fast that we've got to adapt to it, keep up with it!" Not unlike the Red Queen commenting that it takes all of one's energy & speed to simply remain in one place while running. But what sort of life is that? How much depth does it really have?
Because some aspects of life -- often the most meaningful & rewarding aspects -- require time & depth. Yet the digital world constantly makes us break it into discrete, interchangeable bits that hurtle us forward so rapidly & inexorably that we simply don't have time to stop & think. And before we know it, we're unwilling & even unable to think. Not in any way that allows true self-awareness in any real context.
Emerson once said (as aptly quoted by Carr), "Things are in the saddle / And ride mankind." The danger is that we'll not only willingly, even eagerly, wear those saddles, but that we'll come to desire them & buckle them on ever more tightly, until we feel naked without them. And we'll gladly pay anything to keep them there, even as we lose the capacity to wonder why we ever put them on in the first place.
Most highly recommended!
The argument in question?
- Greater access to knowledge is not the same as greater knowledge.
- An ever-increasing plethora of facts & data is not the same as wisdom.
- Breadth of knowledge is not the same as depth of knowledge.
- Multitasking is not the same as complexity.
The studies that Carr presents are troubling, to say the least. From what has been gleaned to date, it's clear that the brain retains a certain amount of plasticity throughout life -- that is, it can be reshaped, and the way that we think can be reshaped, for good or for ill. Thus, if the brain is trained to respond to & take pleasure in the faster pace of the digital world, it is reshaped to favor that approach to experiencing the world as a whole. More, it comes to crave that experience, as the body increasingly craves more of anything it's trained to respond to pleasurably & positively. The more you use a drug, the more you need to sustain even the basic rush.
And where does that leave the mind shaped by deep reading? The mind that immerses itself in the universe of a book, rather than simply looking for a few key phrases & paragraphs? The mind that develops through slow, quiet contemplation, mulling over ideas in their entirety, and growing as a result? The mature mind that ponders possibilities & consequences, rather than simply going with the bright, dazzling, digital flow?
Nowhere, it seems.
Carr makes it clear that the digital world, like any other technology that undeniably makes parts of life so much easier, is here to stay. All the more reason, then, to approach it warily, suspiciously, and limit its use whenever possible, since it is so ubiquitous. "Yes, but," many will say, "everything is moving so fast that we've got to adapt to it, keep up with it!" Not unlike the Red Queen commenting that it takes all of one's energy & speed to simply remain in one place while running. But what sort of life is that? How much depth does it really have?
Because some aspects of life -- often the most meaningful & rewarding aspects -- require time & depth. Yet the digital world constantly makes us break it into discrete, interchangeable bits that hurtle us forward so rapidly & inexorably that we simply don't have time to stop & think. And before we know it, we're unwilling & even unable to think. Not in any way that allows true self-awareness in any real context.
Emerson once said (as aptly quoted by Carr), "Things are in the saddle / And ride mankind." The danger is that we'll not only willingly, even eagerly, wear those saddles, but that we'll come to desire them & buckle them on ever more tightly, until we feel naked without them. And we'll gladly pay anything to keep them there, even as we lose the capacity to wonder why we ever put them on in the first place.
Most highly recommended!
96 von 99 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
A work which merits deep reading
6. Juni 2010
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe
The Internet has made the information- universes of all of us much larger. At the same time it has altered the way we read, and the way we pay attention. The major thesis of this work is that it has made us shallower creatures. In Carr's words," We want to be interrupted, because each interruption brings us a valuable piece of information... And so we ask the Internet to keep interrupting us, in ever more and different ways. We willingly accept the loss of concentration and focus, the division of our attention and the fragmentation of our thoughts, in return for the wealth of compelling or at least diverting information we receive. Tuning out is not an option many of us would consider. (p. 133-4)" This means in effect that our powers of concentration and contemplation, if not diminished all at once, are nonetheless put less to use. It means that we do not really take in much of what we read and see, but rather let it pass by as something new comes to attract and distract us. It too means according to Carr transformations in actual brain- structure. And he uses the results of cognitive brain studies to point out how excessive use of the Internet reshapes our brain- structure.
Carr argues that with the advent of reading humanity developed a different kind of neural structure. Reading which was an extension of story- telling enabled us to begin to speak to ourselves, to contemplate reality in deeper ways. The bookman mind is a deeper mind than the electronic - mind , despite MacLuhan's contrary take.
Still one might argue that we need not be the slaves of the predominant technology. It all depends upon the will, decision, determination of the individual. The horde may decide to operate in a certain way, but one has the power to shut the machine off. Or one has the power to turn away from the Net, and focus only on one text one wants to work with. Many of us are engaged in making these decisions all the time.
Still I would say that my own experience substantiates Carr's main thesis. I have wasted in the past few years far too much time, jumping from one thing to another.
Nonetheless there is no turning back from the Revolution which Carr considers to be certainly the greatest since the introduction of the Printing press, and perhaps greatest since the introduction of the Alphabet and the Number System.
Perhaps what is truly required is a 'proper mix of both ways of 'reading and seeing' of both 'modes of being' i.e. the short- term internet attention mode, and the longer book- concentration mode. And this as I sense that when many begin to feel an exhaustion from the jumping around, come to understand it does not really help them in pursuit of their main goal, there will be some reaction in the other direction.
Carr argues that with the advent of reading humanity developed a different kind of neural structure. Reading which was an extension of story- telling enabled us to begin to speak to ourselves, to contemplate reality in deeper ways. The bookman mind is a deeper mind than the electronic - mind , despite MacLuhan's contrary take.
Still one might argue that we need not be the slaves of the predominant technology. It all depends upon the will, decision, determination of the individual. The horde may decide to operate in a certain way, but one has the power to shut the machine off. Or one has the power to turn away from the Net, and focus only on one text one wants to work with. Many of us are engaged in making these decisions all the time.
Still I would say that my own experience substantiates Carr's main thesis. I have wasted in the past few years far too much time, jumping from one thing to another.
Nonetheless there is no turning back from the Revolution which Carr considers to be certainly the greatest since the introduction of the Printing press, and perhaps greatest since the introduction of the Alphabet and the Number System.
Perhaps what is truly required is a 'proper mix of both ways of 'reading and seeing' of both 'modes of being' i.e. the short- term internet attention mode, and the longer book- concentration mode. And this as I sense that when many begin to feel an exhaustion from the jumping around, come to understand it does not really help them in pursuit of their main goal, there will be some reaction in the other direction.
124 von 139 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
Missed Opportunity
3. Juli 2010
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe|Von Amazon bestätigter Kauf
The Shallows is an expansion of Carr's 2007 article in The Atlantic, "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" The question with a book of this derivation is always: does it achieve more than the article did, or is it just a puffed up excuse to gain from the notoriety of the original piece, now freely available on the Internet? To that question, I answer that it is indeed more than the original piece. It provides much greater depth of detail for the brain science research that centrally informs the book, and he also expands on the nature and history of deep reading, in a way that I (someone who is doing research in this field) think is quite deft and responsible. In a sense, the earlier magazine article was really a book masquerading as a magazine article, whereas these days most books are magazine articles masquerading as books.
That said, The Shallows is somewhat less than the original Atlantic article in that Carr, as he approaches the end, falls into the most predictable sort of romantic nostalgia. We're becoming machines. The machines are taking our souls away. The Internet is compromising our integrity as humans. Machines are colonizing our minds. Soon they will be more interesting than we are, just like Hal in 2001: A Space Odyssey. I've heard this all before! Certainly, a man as clever and as hard-working as Nicholas Carr could have thought a little harder.
(An aside: Perhaps he's proving his point that we've already lost our ability to think deeply. Or perhaps he's DISproving his point that going to country--Carr had to "get away from it all" to write this book--helps us to be contemplative whereas cities only distract us.)
We need people who care about the things books have done for us and continue to do for us who can *also* think beyond the nineteenth century. We can't leave this to the machine people. So, I end up in the middle on this book: 3 stars. The first 80% is good but it fails to deliver a "where we go from here..." Let the good parts inspire the rest of us to take up where Carr has left off.
That said, The Shallows is somewhat less than the original Atlantic article in that Carr, as he approaches the end, falls into the most predictable sort of romantic nostalgia. We're becoming machines. The machines are taking our souls away. The Internet is compromising our integrity as humans. Machines are colonizing our minds. Soon they will be more interesting than we are, just like Hal in 2001: A Space Odyssey. I've heard this all before! Certainly, a man as clever and as hard-working as Nicholas Carr could have thought a little harder.
(An aside: Perhaps he's proving his point that we've already lost our ability to think deeply. Or perhaps he's DISproving his point that going to country--Carr had to "get away from it all" to write this book--helps us to be contemplative whereas cities only distract us.)
We need people who care about the things books have done for us and continue to do for us who can *also* think beyond the nineteenth century. We can't leave this to the machine people. So, I end up in the middle on this book: 3 stars. The first 80% is good but it fails to deliver a "where we go from here..." Let the good parts inspire the rest of us to take up where Carr has left off.
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