Henry James - The Portrait of a Lady
Henry James stands between the traditional and the experimental novel , his work having brought an important contribution to the development of modern fiction . In James`opinion there are as many ways of seeing life as there are people ,for each person builts his own universe from what he sees and above all according to the manner in which he perceives reality . That is why James prefers to render a multiplicity of subjective points of view allowing the reader to enter the minds of various characters in turn ; he tries to be objective . In the novels of the first period of his literary activity James undertakes the treatement of his favourite theme ,t. s the study of the relationships between the Americans and Europeans .
The Portrait of a Lady
The central figure of the novel is Isabel Archer .The presentation of her life is achieved in three structural blocks marked by a distinct period of time between them . The first part contains Isabel`s introduction to GARDENCOURT , herassertion of independence and her romantic conception of freedom . Some of the crucial events of her life take place now : her getting acquainted with Madame Merle ; Ralph`s persuading his father to leave Isabel a fortune ; her coming into this fortune on her uncle`s death . The central block presents Isabel in Italy and her accepting GILBERT OSMOND`s proposal of marriage . The third part -taking place 4 years after the marriage - shows Isabel reduced to representing her husband , reveals her final realization that she has not been a free agent , but has been handled by others who have determined her choices. Using the international theme , Joice analyses the effects of the difference between Europe and America upon the sensibility of the heroine . Isabel is determined to be free and create her own destiny ; her rejection of her two suitors ., Caspar Goodwood and Lord Warburton ,is an assertion of her independent will . But she lacks experience , she does not know the world and is unable to judje people correctly , she is simple in a world of sophistication and conventionalism . Her aunt is the person who starts her adventure by introducing her to the world and her from her dull but safe provincial American life . The person who actually ruins Isabel`s life and hopes are Madame Merle and Gilbert Osmond . Content with the independence that Isabel`s money gives him , Osmond imposes an aesthetic pattern of life , reducing Isabel to a work of art in his collection . At the same time , by contrast are empasised the superior moral qualities of Ralph . Acquainted with both the european and american way of life , Ralph may be considered a product of both , for he has preserved the american independence of mind and imagination , also acquairing the European rafinement and sophistication . His invalid state confines Ralph to being a nere spectator of the spectacle of life ; that is why his love for Isabel changes into brotherly feelings . He oversees and interpret Isabel`s activities , but he is also an initiator for her , introducing her to the old world`s sophistication . He tries to wern her against Osmond , but she will take no advice . In the last part , where Isabel hides her unhappiness Ralph can only be a silent witness of her suffering . His death is seen by Isabel as an expression of his inability to face the dreadfulness of her situation .