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Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation (Bradford Books) [Englisch] [Taschenbuch]

Huron

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Kurzbeschreibung

22. Februar 2008 Bradford Books
The psychological theory of expectation that David Huron proposes in Sweet Anticipation grew out of the author's experimental efforts to understand how music evokes emotions. These efforts evolved into a general theory of expectation that will prove informative to readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as those interested in music. The book describes a set of psychological mechanisms and illustrates how these mechanisms work in the case of music. All examples of notated music can be heard on the Web.Huron proposes that emotions evoked by expectation involve five functionally distinct response systems: reaction responses (which engage defensive reflexes); tension responses (where uncertainty leads to stress); prediction responses (which reward accurate prediction); imagination responses (which facilitate deferred gratification); and appraisal responses (which occur after conscious thought is engaged). For real-world events, these five response systems typically produce a complex mixture of feelings. The book identifies some of the aesthetic possibilities afforded by expectation, and shows how common musical devices (such as syncopation, cadence, meter, tonality, and climax) exploit the psychological opportunities. The theory also provides new insights into the physiological psychology of awe, laughter, and spine-tingling chills. Huron traces the psychology of expectations from the patterns of the physical/cultural world through imperfectly learned heuristics used to predict that world to the phenomenal qualia we experienced as we apprehend the world.

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Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation (Bradford Books) + Music and Probability + Music, Language, and the Brain
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Produktbeschreibungen

Pressestimmen

"A richly detailed theory of how and why the audience has particular expectations and emotions... A fascinating journey into the inner workings of music and how it tickles the human mind." --Petr Janata Nature "Sweet Anticipation... in its range, rigour and insights constitutes an astonishing achievement. Although it announces itself as a book about expectation in music, it goes well beyond what that might imply and is more like a broad and encompassing theory of music perception and cognition, with expectation as the central concept." --Prof. Eric Clarke, Music Analysis "Having worked on the question of musical expectancy for a number of years myself reading David Huron's recent book has been, for me, a real treat. My interest in this topic does, however, make me a harsh critic of work on this topic. It is within such a context, then, that I praise this book. Quite simply, Sweet Anticipation is excellent." --Prof. Mark Schmuckler, Philosophical Psychology "David Huron's superb book Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation... is an exceptional contribution to the field of music cognition and represents a clear advance in our understanding of the role of expectancy in musical experience." "As a cognitive psychologist, I find Huron's proposals for expectancy mechanisms and their possible evolutionary origin convincing and novel. Indeed, throughout the book musical issues are connected with human psychology in a way that reflects a deep and nuanced understanding of both disciplines... On the whole, Huron provides an extraordinarily rich analysis of the phenomenon of musical expectation and provides a persuasive account of its psychological sources. Sweet Anticipation is without question one of the most exciting pieces of scholarship to emerge in the past decade, and should be read by anyone with a serious interest in the psychology of music." --Prof. William Thompson, Empirical Musicology Review "Sweet Anticipation is a brilliant work that will continue to inspire for many years to come." --Dr. Adam Ockelford, Psychology of Music "Huron's ability to show the link between the biologically driven need to acquire knowledge for survival and the phenomenology of 'hypermetric anticipation', 'tonal syncopation', and other such specific, highly technical musical procedures is one of the book's greatest triumphs." --Prof. Giorgio Biancorosso, Music & Letters "This is a remarkable publication that reflects a keen vision. It casts the meaning of music within a broad, scientific scenario." --Dr. Rita Aiello, Empirical Musicology Review "One of the strengths of Sweet Anticipation is that it is an ambitious work that offers a Big Theory. Huron draws together insights from disparate fields such as music theory, evolutionary theory, neurobiology, and cognitive science into a theory that is coherent, parsimonious, and powerful." -Drs. Catherine Stevens & Tim Byron, Music Perception "By persuasively putting forward a general theory of expectation by way of music, Huron's book will not only draw the attention of specialists in other fields to the work done by music theorists but also establish a benchmark for the future role of music in psychological research. For his theory implicitly demonstrates the significance of music not merely as a heuristic tool but also as a fundamental and highly symptomatic aspect of mental life." --Prof. Giorgio Biancorosso, Music & Letters "This really is a very significant book on our responses to, and understanding of, music -- and one that has a disarming ability to simplify previously tangled debates without becoming simplistic..." "Anyone interested in understanding the extraordinary range and dynamic character of listeners' responses to music will find a huge amount here to think about, some very entertaining anecdotes and examples, and inspiring model of how to tackle a complex subject with care, rigour, great scholarship and an awareness of the power of simplicity." --Prof. Eric Clarke, Music Analysis "Sweet Anticipation should be required reading for all composers and musicologists... This is certainly the best music theory book that I've read in many, many, years...Highly recommended!" --David Stutz, Amazon.com "apart from anything else, David Huron's book provides a wealth of fascinating insights amassed throughout 20 years of research in the field." --Marcus Pearce & Daniel Mullensiefen, Musicae Scientiae "Huron writes with humour and humanity" --Dr. Adam Ockelford, Psychology of Music "I can't put the book down! A must read for anyone who has read Meyer, Narmour, or Lerdahl. An exploration of human expectation as exemplified through a rigorous and systematic understanding of music cognition." --Dr. David Spondike, Auditory.org posting

Synopsis

A theory of expectations is used to explain how music evokes various emotions; for readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as music.The psychological theory of expectation that David Huron proposes in "Sweet Anticipation" grew out of the author's experimental efforts to understand how music evokes emotions. These efforts evolved into a general theory of expectation that will prove informative to readers interested in cognitive science and evolutionary psychology as well as those interested in music. The book describes a set of psychological mechanisms and illustrates how these mechanisms work in the case of music. All examples of notated music can be heard on the Web.Huron proposes that emotions evoked by expectation involve five functionally distinct response systems. For real-world events, these five response systems typically produce a complex mixture of feelings. The book identifies some of the aesthetic possibilities afforded by expectation, and shows how common musical devices (such as syncopation, cadence, meter, tonality, and climax) exploit the psychological opportunities.

The theory also provides new insights into the physiological psychology of awe, laughter, and spine-tingling chills. Huron traces the psychology of expectations from patterns of the physical and cultural world through our imperfectly learned heuristics used to predict that world to the phenomenal qualia we experience as we apprehend the world.


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Amazon.com: 4.7 von 5 Sternen  10 Rezensionen
52 von 55 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
5.0 von 5 Sternen Music and Surprise 19. September 2007
Von E. N. Anderson - Veröffentlicht auf Amazon.com
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe|Von Amazon bestätigter Kauf
Finally, a real five-star book about music. For some reason, there are thousands of books about language, but almost no serious ones analyzing the biology and psychology of humanity's other communication systesms. Every society has a highly developed musical tradition, every society uses music in countless ways including the most sacred religious ceremonies, and yet hardly anyone has stepped forward to analyze it as a basic communication channel for humans.
David Huron's book is on surprise in music. He shows how music creates expectations of pattern, from simple rhythm up to very complex patterns (the concerto, the symphony...) that only sophisticated listeners know. Musicians notoriously love to play with these patterns, to surprise the listeners and thus create new pieces and prevent boredom. Huron distinguishes several types of surprise, on the basis of a highly sophisticated evolutionary and cognitive psychology as well as an astounding knowledge of music. He knows everything from the complexities of Beethoven and Schoenberg to the joik songs of the Saami of arctic Europe, and even knows what happens when you play the latter to rural folk in southern Africa. By contrast, such earlier works as Robert Jourdain's MUSIC, THE BRAIN AND ECSTASY were greatly limited by confining their attention to western classical and classical-derived pop forms, thus missing everything from cross-rhythms to alternative scales.
Surprise presupposes a whole file of knowledge of patterns and schemas, and a deep cognitive and emotional investment in same. Huron takes these mostly for granted. Obviously, the next step is to figure out why people love complicated musical patterns in the first place. Especially, humans love the theme-and-variation type of play with patterns that dominates music from Elizabethan lute solos to jazz to ragas. These are not exactly surprising, especially when you know the pieces, but they are always delightful. Why? Huron mentions body rhythms, speech rhythms, and the like. There is obviously more. I think there is much more about pattern--in music and in general--that we need to study.
26 von 29 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
5.0 von 5 Sternen Music theory that includes the whole world! 24. Juni 2008
Von David Stutz - Veröffentlicht auf Amazon.com
Format:Taschenbuch
Sweet Anticipation should be required reading for all composers and musicologists. The book plausibly explains how and why music affects human emotions, and it also contains numerous practical factoids that can be used to gauge one's own works against the spectrum of human musical perception. Huron uses statistical analysis and a deep knowledge of recent experimental progress in the psychology of musical perception to paint a picture that goes far beyond often banal music theory. His theories apply to all existing musical traditions, which to me is one of the most interesting aspects of the book, since most music theorists are pathetically myopic when it comes to assessing music as a universal human phenomenon.

This is certainly the best music theory book that I've read in many, many, years. It takes many things that performing musicians intuitively know to be true, and puts them into a more rigorous experimental context than musicians normally use. This being said, the book is probably not that accessible to anyone who does not yet have an undergrad level grasp of classical music theory - if you don't know what a ii-V-I progression is, or you can't see the shape of a melody by looking at an printed musical example, you probably won't get much out of it.

Highly recommended!
37 von 49 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
5.0 von 5 Sternen Chapter titles and selected subtitles and descriptions of figures and tables 10. Februar 2007
Von Stephen Malinowski - Veröffentlicht auf Amazon.com
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe
I really like this book, but I don't think I'm qualified to review it. However, I think you can get a sense of whether you might be interested in it by reading the list of chapter titles and some of the subtitles and descriptions of some of the tables (T) and figures (F), so here's that:

1 Introduction

Emotional Consequences of Expectations

Tension Response

Imagination Response

Prediction Response

Reaction Response

Appraisal Response

T1.1 Response systems

F1.1 Schematic diagram of the time-course of the "ITPRA" theory of expectation.

2 Surprise

F2.1 Schematic diagram of the brain mechanisms involved in the fear response.

Contrastive Valence

Three Flavors of Surprise

3 Measuring Musical Expectation

F3.1 Average moment-to-moment uncertainty for Balinese and American musicians listen to an unfamiliar traditional Balinese melody.

4 Auditory Learning

F4.1 Average response times for musician listeners to hear an isolate tone as a specified scale degree.

F4.5 Sample exposure stimuli showing the long-term statistical probabilities of pitch-to-pitch transitions.

5 Statistical Properties of Music

F5.1 Frequency of occurrence of melodic intervals in notated sources for folk and popular melodies from ten cultures.

F5.2 Proportion of non-unison melodic intervals that ascend in pitch.

T5.1 Probabilities for step-step- movements in a large sample of Western and non-Western musics.

F5.3 Watt's (1924) analysis of intervals in Schubert Lieder. Larger intervals are more likely to be followed by a change of melodic direction than small intervals.

F5.5 Number of instances of various melodic leaps found in a cross-cultural sample of melodies.

F5.6 Average contour for 6,364 seven-note phrases taken from The Essen Folksong Collection (Schaffrath 1995).

6 Heuristic Listening

F6.1 "Brownian" or "random walk" melody.

F6.2 "Johnson" or "white noise" melody.

7 Mental Representation of Expectation (I)

F7.2 Information theoretic analysis of "Pop Goes the Weasel" showing changing of information (in bits) as the piece unfolds.

F7.4 A hypothetical mental network for pitch-related representation.

F7.5 Four objects illustrating the failure to code spatial interval.

8 Prediction Effect

Exposure Effect

The Role of Consciousness

9 Tonality

T9.1 Scale Degree Qualia

F9.1 Distribution of scale tones for a large sample of melodies in major keys (>65,000 notes).

F9.2 Distribution of scale tones for a large sample of melodies in minor keys (>65,000 notes).

T9.2 First-order scale-degree probabilities (diatonic continuations)

T9.3 First-order scale-degree probabilities (chromatic continuations)

F9.7 Schematic illustration of scale-degree successions for major key-melodies

F9.9 Schematic illustration of the amount of flexibility or (conversely) tendency for different scale degrees in major-key contexts.

10 Expectation in Time

F10.2 Effect of temporal position on accuracy of pitch judgment.

Long-Range Contingent Expectations

The Pleasures of the Downbeat

Nonperiodic Temporal Expectations

F10.13 Graph representing the relative durations of three-note rhythmic patterns.

F10.14 Relative durations for two 3-note rhythms tapped by musicians.

F10.15 Categorical boundaries between various perceived three-note rhythms.

11 Genres, Schemas, and Firewalls

Context Cueing

Undergeneralization

Starting Schema

T11.1 Unprimed listener expectations

Schema Switching

12 Mental Representation of Expectation (II)

Episodic Memory

F12.1 Recognition measurements for the openings of four melodies.

Dynamic Expectations

F12.2 Example of a chimeric melody where one melody elides into another.

Conscious Expectations

13 Creating Predictability

Veridical Familiarity

Schematic Predictability

The Anticipation

Hypermetric Anticipation

F13.9 Schematic illustration of chord progressions in a sample of baroque music.

F13.11 Schematic illustration of chord progressions in a sample of seventy Western popular songs ...

Style and form

Dynamic Predictability

14 Creating Surprise

T14.1 Reported qualia for chromatic median chords in a major key context

T14.2 Reported qualia for chromatic median chords in a minor key context

T14.3a Metrical context for ascending melodic intervals

T14.3b Metrical context for descending melodic intervals

15 Creating Tension

The Feeling of Anticipation

The Suspension

F15.3 Prototypical suspension.

T15.1 Summary expectation analysis of a suspension

F15.4 Oddball event.

F15.5 Oddball event from figure 15.4 is transformed into an appoggiatura.

T15.2 Summary expectation analysis of an oddball note

T15.3 Summary expectation analysis of an appoggiatura

Premonition

Climax

Sweet Anticipation --- The Role of Consciousness
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