Volume I of "Superstring theory" presented the fundamentals of string theory. This book builds on those fundamentals and explores the possible observable consequences of string theory. The subtitle "Loop amplitudes, anomalies and phenomenology" provides a good high level view of the content.
While the first volume demonstrated that string theory gives general relativity in the low energy limit, this volume explores some of the possible string theory implications in particle physics and how six of ten dimensions get compactified leaving the familiar four spacetime dimensions.
The first two chapters cover one-loop diagrams in bosonic and superstring theories. The tone is similar to the tree level scattering amplitudes calculations done in volume I. The amplitudes are calculated for both open and closed strings (which of course must be included when you have open strings that interact), the important concepts of moduli space and orbifolds are introduced here. Among the interesting results for the bosonic string are an additional argument for D = 26 and the appearance of an ultraviolet cutoff for the cosmological constant.
Following this is a lucid discussion of anomaly cancellation in Type I theory and path integral methods. Anomaly cancellation in Type IIB theories is considered later in the book, the subject of anomalies reappears throughout the remainder of the book.
The phenomenology discussion starts by studying the low energy effective action. The supersymmetric gauge fields are examined for various string symmetry groups. The background in differential geometry needed to understand gauge theory, as expressed in the language of forms, is presented in an earlier chapter. The gauge fields that arise from compactification are treated in the next chapter, along with anomaly cancellation in four dimensions.
This is followed by a very good, albeit brief, chapter on algebraic geometry. This is obviously not a comprehensive introduction, it sticks to the aspects that are relevant for string theory, for example Calabi-Yau spaces and Hodge numbers. The final chapter uses this mathematical machinery to explore the consequences of geometry of the compactified space may have for particle physics in our four spacetime dimensions.
In my opinion this book holds up even better than volume I, no small feat, especially the latter parts of it. I think anyone specializing in string theory should still consider this required reading. If their emphasis is on string theory as a grand unified theory, or other implications of the low energy limits of string theory, then there's likely little doubt this is required reading.