Egerton Castle lays out a roadmap of European swords, schools and masters of the sword, and fencing texts from the middle ages to the early 1800s. Despite an original publication date of 1885, this is the best overview of the subjects covered. It is generally laid out in chronological order, with a few detours to follow specific schools of fencing, but flows well and logically. Castle describes the last days of armor and twohanded swords, and as gunpowder made medieval armor obsolete, he progresses through the development of the rapier and smallsword.
I found the sections on Spanish and English schools of thought most useful, as these are most removed from modern sport fencing, and least accesible through modern authors (who have been heavily influenced by Asian, Pacific Islander, and other edged weapons arts, and their own theories). For example, Ramon Martinez is absolutely brilliant at explaining the Spanish school of fencing as he interpretes it, but he tends to gloss over shortcomings of Spanish Fencing, or John Clements, whose books make reference to parrying with the flat of the sword rather than the edge, which is without practical or historical basis.
Castle's vignettes of personalities and events of fencing history add a charming 'gossipy' air to the work that make it very readable, when it easily could have devolved into an arid scholarly listing of unadorned facts and dates. The discussion of Domenico Angelo in England was a delightful snapshot of life among the upper class of England in that period.
In a word, brilliant. "Schools and Masters of Fencing" does not claim to be a text on the management of l'arme blanche, but an overview of the history of the weapon. But with this disclaimer, Castle procedes to offer insights into the techniques and evolution of techniques that have become modern sport fencing. Although Castle does not dwell on it, this work offers great insight into the interrelationship of armor, muscle powered weapons, and firearms. The book neatly frames out the golden age of edged and pointed weapons from the time when the obsolescence of armor in the face of firearms made way for the most subtle and refined swordsmanship to the point where reliable repeating handguns made the sword a relic of a more refined but less democratic era.
Absolutly top shelf; a 'must read' for a serious classical fencer or student of the history of arms.
E. M. Van Court