Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual (Addison-Wesley Object Technology) [Englisch] [Gebundene Ausgabe]

Written by the three pioneers behind the Unified Modeling Language (UML) standard, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual provides an excellent real-world guide to working with UML. This title provides expert knowledge on all facets of today's UML standard, helping developers who are encountering UML on the job for the first time to be more productive.

The book begins with a history of UML, from structured design methods of the '60s and '70s to the competing object-oriented design standards that were unified in 1997 to create UML. For the novice, the authors illustrate key diagram types such as class, use case, state machine, activity, and implementation. (Of course, learning these basic diagram types is what UML is all about. The authors use an easy-to-understand ticket-booking system for many of their examples.)

After a tour of basic document types, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual provides an alphabetical listing of more than 350 UML terms. Entries range from a sentence or two to several pages in length. (Class, operation, and use case are just a few of the important terms that are covered.) Though you will certainly need to be acquainted with software engineering principles, this reference will serve the working software developer well. As the authors note, this isn't UML for Dummies, but neither is it an arcane academic treatise. The authors succeed in delivering a readable reference that will answer any UML question, no matter how common or obscure. --Richard Dragan -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

Reference guide to UML from the creators of the langauge. -- Dieser Text bezieht sich auf eine vergriffene oder nicht verfügbare Ausgabe dieses Titels.

"If you are a serious user of UML, there is no other book quite like this one. I have been involved with the UML specification process for some time, but I still found myself learning things while reading through this book--especially on the changes and new capabilities that have come with UML." --Ed Seidewitz, Chief Architect, IntelliData Technologies Corporation The latest version of the Unified Modeling Language--UML 2.0--has increased its capabilities as the standard notation for modeling software-intensive systems. Like most standards documents, however, the official UML specification is difficult to read and navigate. In addition, UML 2.0 is far more complex than previous versions, making a thorough reference book more essential than ever. In this significantly updated and expanded edition of the definitive reference to the standard, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, and Grady Booch--the UML's creators--clearly and completely describe UML concepts, including major revisions to sequence diagrams, activity models, state machines, components, internal structure of classes and components, and profiles.Whether you are capturing requirements, developing software architectures, designing implementations, or trying to understand existing systems, this is the book for you.

Highlights include: *Alphabetical dictionary of articles covering every UML concept *Integrated summary of UML concepts by diagram type *Two-color diagrams with extensive annotations in blue *Thorough coverage of both semantics and notation, separated in each article for easy reference *Further explanations of concepts whose meaning or purpose is obscure in the original specifications *Discussion sections offering usage advice and additional insight into tricky concepts *Notation summary, with references to individual articles *A hyperlinked version of the book in Adobe Reader format on CD-ROM, an excellent resource for browsing or searching the text for specific information *An enhanced online index available on the book's web site allowing readers to quickly and easily search the entire text for specific topics The result is an indispensable resource for anyone who needs to understand the inner workings of the industry standard modeling language.

“If you are a serious user of UML, there is no other book quite like this one. I have been involved with the UML specification process for some time, but I still found myself learning things while reading through this book—especially on the changes and new capabilities that have come with UML.”

         —Ed Seidewitz, Chief Architect, IntelliData Technologies Corporation

The latest version of the Unified Modeling Language—UML 2.0—has increased its capabilities as the standard notation for modeling software-intensive systems. Like most standards documents, however, the official UML specification is difficult to read and navigate. In addition, UML 2.0 is far more complex than previous versions, making a thorough reference book more essential than ever.

In this significantly updated and expanded edition of the definitive reference to the standard, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson, and Grady Booch—the UML’s creators—clearly and completely describe UML concepts, including major revisions to sequence diagrams, activity models, state machines, components, internal structure of classes and components, and profiles. Whether you are capturing requirements, developing software architectures, designing implementations, or trying to understand existing systems, this is the book for you.

Highlights include:

• Alphabetical dictionary of articles covering every UML concept
• Integrated summary of UML concepts by diagram type
• Two-color diagrams with extensive annotations in blue
• Thorough coverage of both semantics and notation, separated in each article for easy reference
• Further explanations of concepts whose meaning or purpose is obscure in the original specifications
• Discussion sections offering usage advice and additional insight into tricky concepts
• Notation summary, with references to individual articles
• A hyperlinked version of the book in Adobe Reader format on CD-ROM, an excellent resource for browsing or searching the text for specific information
• An enhanced online index available on the book’s web site allowing readers to quickly and easily search the entire text for specific topics

The result is an indispensable resource for anyone who needs to understand the inner workings of the industry standard modeling language.

Dr. James Rumbaugh is one of the leading object-oriented methodologists. He is the chief developer of the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) and the lead author of the best-selling book Object-Oriented Modeling and Design. Before joining Rational Software Corporation in October 1994, he worked for more than 25 years at General Electric Research and Development Center in Schenectady, New York. He has been working on object-oriented methodology and tools for many years. He developed the DSM object-oriented programming language, the state tree model of control, the OMT object modeling notation, and the Object Modeling Tool graphic editor. The foundations for the OMT notation were developed more than 10 years ago with Mary Loomis and Ashwin Shah of Calma Corporation. The OMT methodology was developed at GE R&D Center with coauthors Mike Blaha, Bill Premerlani, Fred Eddy, and Bill Lorensen. Dr. Rumbaugh received his Ph.D. in computer science from MIT. During his Ph.D. research under Professor Jack Dennis, Dr. Rumbaugh was one of the inventors of data flow computer architecture. His career has dealt with semantics of computation, tools for programming productivity, and applications using complex algorithms and data structures. Dr. Rumbaugh has published journal articles on his work and has spoken at leading object-oriented conferences. He writes a regular column for the Journal of Object-Oriented Programming. Dr. Rumbaugh is the lead author of the recent best-selling book Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, published by Prentice Hall. His latest book, OMT Insights: Perspectives on Modeling from the Journal of Object-Oriented Programming, was released in October 1996. He and his colleagues developed the OMT methodology described in the book based on real-world applications at GE, and they have worked to extend the original methodology. He has taught courses based on the methodology to different audiences around the world, ranging from one-hour seminars to intensive several-day training courses. He has a B.S. in physics from MIT, an M.S. in astronomy from Caltech, and a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT. During his career at GE, he worked on a variety of problems, including the design of one of the first time-sharing operating systems, early work in interactive graphics, algorithms for computed tomography, use of parallel machines for fast image generation, VLSI chip design, and finally, object-oriented technology. Jim developed OMTool, an interactive graphical editor for manipulation of object model diagrams. The editor is commercially available. In addition, he led a five-year programming effort producing production-quality software. In addition, Jim was the manager of the Software Engineering Program at GE, where he led a team of eight to ten Ph.D. and M.S. scientists performing research in software engineering in the areas of algorithm development, programming languages, program proving, and VLSI computer-aided design. In addition, he performed personal research. Jim developed Chipwright, an interactive graphical CAD system for VLSI layout with incremental design rule checking. He also led a team of four programmers in implementation. Jim developed and implemented the object-oriented language DSM, combining object-oriented concepts with database concepts and distributed it within GE for use on production applications. The language was heavily used at Calma Corporation and was extensively extended based on user feedback with a preliminary version. Jim also developed Vista, a hierarchical interactive standard graphics system (similar to the PHIGS system) written in the object-oriented DSM language. He implemented user-interface applications based on this system, including a configuration-management tool and a user-interface generation tool. Jim developed the concept of state trees, a structured extension of finite state machines incorporating a new model of object-oriented control. He applied it to the design of user interfaces, and the technique was used as a main aspect of the CHIDE user-interface system developed by colleagues at GE-CRD. Later, it was used in the OMTool object editor. Jim also developed the Flow Graph System, a generic interactive graphic system for controlling a network of design engineering jobs, including management of multiple versions of data and coordination of information flow among applications. He received a patent on the underlying concepts. In addition, Jim developed algorithms for the reconstruction of images for computerized tomography using fewer input points and with reduced noise in the reconstructed images. He also developed algorithms for display of three-dimensional images in real time using array processors, and he developed Parallax, a language for programming pipelined array processors. Jim has served on various committees, including the OOPSLA Program Committee and the TOOLS Program Committee. Ivar Jacobson, Ph.D., is "the father" of many technologies, including components and component architecture, use cases, modern business engineering, and the Rational Unified Process. He was one of the three amigos who originally developed the Unified Modeling Language. He is the principal author of five best-selling books on these methods and technologies, in addition to being the coauthor of the two leading books on the Unified Modeling Language. Ivar is a founder of Jaczone AB, where he and his daughter and cofounder, Agneta Jacobson, are developing a ground-breaking new product that includes intelligent agents to support software development. Ivar also founded Ivar Jacobson Consulting (IJC) with the goal of promoting good software development practices throughout teams worldwide. Grady Booch, is the Chief Scientist at Rational Software Corporation and developer of the Booch Method of object-oriented analysis and design. He is also co-developer of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Widely recognized for these and many contributions in the field, he is a popular speaker at technology conferences around the world. Booch has twice received Software Development magazine's coveted Jolt-Cola Product Excellence Award for his seminal text,Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications.

Goals

This book is intended to be a complete, useful reference to the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for the developer, architect, project manager, system engineer, programmer, analyst, contracting officer, customer, and anyone else who needs to specify, design, build, or understand complex software systems. It provides a full reference to the concepts and constructs of UML, including their semantics, notation, and purpose. It is organized to be a convenient but thorough reference for the working professional developer. It also attempts to provide additional detail about issues that may not be clear from the standards documents and to provide a rationale for many decisions that went into the UML.

This book is not intended as a guide to the UML standards documents or to the internal structure of the metamodel contained in them. The details of the metamodel are of interest to methodologists and UML tool builders, but most other developers have little need for the arcane details of the Object Management Group (OMG) documents. This book provides all the details of UML that most developers need; in many cases, it makes information explicit that must otherwise be sought between the lines of the original documents. For those who wish to consult the source documents, they are on the OMG web site (www.omg.org).

This book is intended as a reference for those who already have some understanding of object-oriented technology. For beginners, the original books by us and by other authors are listed in the bibliography; although some of the notation has changed, books such as Rumbaugh-91, Jacobson-92, Booch-94, and Meyer-88 provide an introduction to object-oriented concepts that is still valid and therefore unnecessary to duplicate here. Blaha-05 updates Rumbaugh-91 using UML notation. For a tutorial introduction to UML that shows how to model a number of common problems, see The Unified Modeling Language User Guide Booch-99 or UML Distilled Fowler-04.

UML does not require a particular development process. Although UML may be used with a variety of development processes, it was designed to support an iterative, incremental, use-case-driven process with a strong architectural focus—the kind we feel is most suitable for the development of modern, complex systems. To place UML in its context as a tool for software development, this book defines the stages of such a process, but they are not part of the UML standard. The Unified Software Development Process Jacobson-99 describes in detail the kind of process we believe complements the UML and best supports software development.

Second Edition and UML Version

This second edition has been extensively modified from the first edition, which was published in 1999. This edition is based on the OMG “adopted” specification of UML version 2.0, with anticipated changes to the “available” specification being prepared by an OMG Finalization Task Force. Corrections to the book due to changes in the OMG UML specification will be posted on the publisher’s web site for this book at www.awprofessional.com/titles/0321245628. The information in the book is accurate as of June 2004. Original specification documents and up-to-date information about work on UML and related topics can be found on the OMG web site at www.omg.org.

Reference Manual and OMG Specification

UML is a large modeling language with many features. A reference manual that just repeats the original specification documents would not help readers much. As in any dictionary or encyclopedia, we have had to summarize information as clearly as possible while reducing the amount of material included. We have frequently chosen to emphasize common usages by omitting obscure special cases or redundant means of representing some concepts. This does not mean that those capabilities are useless, but most readers should be able to succeed without using them. The Reference Manual should not be regarded as the final authority on the UML language, however. As with any standard, the final authority rests with the official specifications, and these should be consulted to resolve disputes.

We have tried to follow these principles:

• Explain the main intent of a concept without getting lost in the details of the metamodel representation.
• Avoid discussion of abstract metaclasses. Modelers must ultimately use concrete metaclasses, which can be described more simply if the internal abstract layers are collapsed.
• Avoid discussion of the packaging of the metamodel. The packages may be important to tool builders, but modelers don’t need to know them most of the time. If you need to know, you need to look at the specification in detail anyway.
• Describe concepts from the complete specification. The OMG specification has a number of intermediate layers and compliance points that greatly complicate understanding of UML. We describe UML with all of its features. If your tool does not implement all of the facilities, then some of the features may be unavailable to you, but it doesn’t usually hurt to know about them.
• Describe concepts from the viewpoint of their normal usage. Often the OMG specification goes to considerable trouble to express concepts in a general way. This is proper for a specification, but we feel that readers often understand concepts better if they are presented in a specific context and then generalized. If you are worried about the application of a concept in a complex, ambiguous situation and you feel that the Reference Manual explanation may be inadequate, check the original specification. Unfortunately, however, even the OMG specification is sometimes ambiguous in complex situations.

Outline of the Book

The UML Reference Manual is organized into four parts: (1) an overview of UML history and of modeling, (2) a survey of UML concepts, (3) an alphabetical dictionary of UML terms and concepts, and (4) brief appendices.

The first part is an overview of UML—its history, purposes, and uses—to help you understand the origin of UML and the need it tries to fill.

The second part is a brief survey of UML concepts so that you can put all the features into perspective. The survey provides a brief overview of the views UML supports and shows how the various constructs work together. This part uses an example that walks through various UML views. It contains one chapter for each kind of UML view. This survey is not intended as a full tutorial or as a comprehensive description of concepts. It serves mainly to summarize and relate the various UML concepts, providing starting points for detailed readings in the dictionary.

The third part contains the reference material organized for easy access to each topic. The bulk of the book is an alphabetical dictionary of all of the concepts and constructs in UML. Each UML term of any importance has its own entry in the dictionary. The dictionary is meant to be complete; therefore, everything in the concept overview in Part 2 is repeated in more detail in the dictionary. The same or similar information has sometimes been repeated in multiple dictionary articles so that the reader can conveniently find it. Some common object-oriented terms that are not official UML concepts are included to provide context in examples and discussions.

Appendices show the UML metamodel and a summary of UML notation. There is a brief bibliography of major object-oriented books, but no attempt has been made to include a comprehensive citation of sources of ideas for UML or other approaches. Many of the books in the bibliography contain excellent lists of references to books and journal articles for those interested in tracking the development of the ideas.

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