Gillian Tett runs global markets coverage for The Financial Times; she is also the author of Saving the Sun: How Wall Street Mavericks Shook Up Japan's Financial World and Made Billions.
She wrote in the Preface to this 2009 book, "Were the bankers mad? Were they evil? Or were they simply grotesquely greedy?... the question we must drill into is WHY? Why did the bankers, regulators, and ratings agencies collaborate to build and run a system that was doomed to self-destruct? Did they fail to see the flaws, or did they fail to care? This book explores the answer to the central question of how the catastrophe happened by beginning with ... a small group of bankers formerly linked to J.P Morgan..."
She observes that by 1992, even small banks, midsized companies, and pension funds were turning to derivatives "not to control for future risks but to make the big gambles and realize big returns." (Pg. 29) They were expecting higher rates of return, even as bond yields were falling (pg. 93).
She documents how the 2000 "merger" between Chase Manhattan and J.P. Morgan was "humiliating to the J.P. Morgan staff," who felt that the new logo ("JP Morgan Chase") was "unbearably tacky." (Pg. 81-82)
The JPM head argued that it was "ridiculous" to worry about the possibility of massive defaults, since "There was no point ... in running a bank on the assumption that the financial equivalent of an asteroid would devastate Wall Street." (Pg. 61) She notes how "few of the bankers ... knew the details of how the securitization machine worked, let alone of the existence of the liquidity puts." (Pg. 206)
The government's explanation of its bailout of AIG---after it failed to help Lehman Brothers just 48 hours earlier---"was, at best, a fig leaf covering a major policy shift." (Pg. 239) Tett concludes, "the deals didn't quite add up to actual nationalization... Yet a rubicon had been crossed. For five long decades, American finance had worshiped at the altar of free-market ideas. A new era of finance had dawned." (Pg. 242)
This a very interesting book about one of the key components in the financial crisis of 2008-2009.