The Enemies of Christopher Columbus [Englisch] [Gebundene Ausgabe]

Thomas Bowden's "The Enemies of Christopher Columbus" is simultaneously a devastating polemic against subjectivism, relativism and multiculturalism and a brilliant application of the proper methods of historical analysis.

It identifies the fundamentals and examines them in their full context.

The relativists claim that there is no moral difference between American Indian culture and Western culture...that all historical facts and all cultures are of equal merit and historical importance and ought to be given equal standing. They claim that there is no valid standard of objective good so there is no basis for a claim of the superiority of one culture over another. Therefore there is no justification for the destruction of one culture by another.

But there is an objective standard of the good, Bowden writes. It is to be found in the philosophy of Objectivism, in the identification by Ayn Rand that the furtherance of man's life and happiness is the standard by which the good must be measured. (For the complete validation of life as the standard of value see Ayn Rand's essay The Objectivist Ethics in The Virtue of Selfishness.)

"The fundamental issue." Bowden writes, "is whether the settlement of America by the bearers of Western civilization over the past five centuries was good or evil." By the standard of the requirements of man's life, his resounding conclusion: it was good. Western civilization, by every historical measure, by every requirement of man-the rational animal, is far superior to what it supplanted.

Written in question and answer format, Bowden takes on the claims of Columbus's relativist enemies one by one, exposes them and disposes of them.

To the question: "What good did Western civilization do for the many Indians who dies as a result of the European invasion?" Bowden answers that many Indians were indeed mistreated and killed by Western explorers and settlers. In this they were no different from the Indians themselves who were murdering and enslaving each other long before the Europeans came. But such acts, no matter who commits them, must be judged within the context of their times.

The fact remains that in 1492, the West was emerging from the darkness of post-Roman Europe. There was still much evil, brutality and superstition left from that thousand-year night but it was fading. Thanks largely to the reintroduction of Aristotelian logic and the resulting destruction of Christianity as a monolithic social and intellectual force, Western man was on his way to establishing the Enlightenment and its noblest achievement, The United States of America.

"It was the heirs of the Greek philosophical legacy," Bowden writes, "men such as John Locke, Thomas Jefferson, and Adam Smith, who showed us a better path, a way to live in peaceful, cooperative, productive co-existence, without religious strife, bloody conquest, and slavery. Their solution was reason and individual rights...the civilized alternatives to superstition and force... Nothing in Indian culture came close to providing the seeds of such a radical development."

The discoveries of Christopher Columbus were the necessary first step in the creation of the noblest, freest nation the world had ever seen. It is for this, Bowden concludes, that we should honor him.

It is also why you should read this book.

He shows that Columbus is a hero for striking out into the unknown at the risk of his own life and the lives of his crew and discovering, for Europe, a new world--a world to which he
helped bring western culture. Bowden demonstrates that Western culture (which was only partly developed at the time of Columbus's voyage) with its advocacy of reason, individual rights, freedom and technological progress is objectively superior to that of primitive Indian tribes by the standard of: human life.

Bowden ackowledges mistreatment of the Indians by the Europeans but shows that this was no different than the way the Indians treated each other and the Europeans treated each other. The concept of individual rights would not be discovered for another 200 years--but it was discovered by the west.

Bowden shows that the haters of Columbus are-to their discredit, haters of western civilization itself, which means: they are haters of man.

Mr. Bowden answers these and more than a dozen other questions, questions unique in an age most of whose teachers and thinkers seek, by asking them, to diminish or destroy the achievements of individuals such as Columbus in the name of multiculturalism. This is a short book that should serve as a primer for anyone who values truth and factual history, and who may suspect that those who wish to destroy Columbus and erase his name from history have something in common with the terrorists who

attacked this country on 9/11.
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