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Description Authentication has become an integral part of current IT infrastructures, especially to provide secure decentralized access to applications over the Internet or World Wide Web. To allow subsequent procedures like authorization or access control to distinguish legitimate users from outsiders, authentication ensures distinct identities that users or entities claim to have. Because of the increasing number of attacks on the Internet that focus on eavesdropping, manipulating data integrity, spoofing identities and miscellaneous attacks on the availability, authentication marks the entry to nearly all currently used network-based applications and services. To process authentication, users need unique (usually secret) distinguishing characteristics like passwords or private keys and their corresponding certificates. Due to a variety of applications and services that, as described above, depend on successful authentication to be used, users, administrators and organisations are confronted with a continuously increasing number of passwords resp. distinguishing characteristics. Furthermore authentication mechanisms and systems need to be set up, maintained and used. Especially in heterogeneous IT infrastructures that use different types of hard- and software while offering different usage scenarios (e.g. mobile access to applications) the stated diversity of authentication results in high management effort. Additionally the diversity leads to security deficiencies because users tend to use a single password for all services or write their passwords down on an easy to find place at their office or simply safe them in their applications. To address these deficiencies and minimize the described effort, solutions to unify authentication across different applications and services are necessary. This thesis introduces a model to evaluate existing solutions for unified authentication, identity-, security- and access management. It defines requirements for their application in scientific and economic heterogeneous IT infrastructures. The evaluation allows a quantification of effort and established security using authentication and delivers the basis for their optimization. Authentication forms a fundamental building block and therefore an important part of holistic shaping of optimal IT infrastructures. Besides supporting the decision-making based on the model introduced, this thesis defines requirements for future enhancements of solutions for the unification of authentication mechanisms and systems.
Stichwörter IT-Sicherheit, Authentifizierung, Single Sign-On, E-Science.
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