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Curious Behavior: Yawning, Laughing, Hiccupping, and Beyond [Englisch] [Gebundene Ausgabe]

Robert R. Provine

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Kurzbeschreibung

14. August 2012
Robert Provine boldly goes where other scientists seldom tread--in search of hiccups, coughs, yawns, sneezes, and other lowly, undignified human behaviors. Upon investigation, these instinctive acts bear the imprint of our evolutionary origins and can be uniquely valuable tools for understanding how the human brain works and what makes us different from other species. Many activities showcased in Curious Behavior are contagious, but none surpasses yawning in this regard--just reading the word can make one succumb. Though we often take it as a sign of sleepiness or boredom, yawning holds clues to the development of our sociality and ability to empathize with others. Its inescapable transmission reminds us that we are sometimes unaware, neurologically programmed beasts of the herd. Other neglected behaviors yield similar revelations. Tickling, we learn, may be the key to programming personhood into robots. Coughing comes in musical, medical, and social varieties. Farting and belching have import for the evolution of human speech. And prenatal behavior is offered as the strangest exhibit of all, defying postnatal logic in every way. Our earthiest acts define Homo sapiens as much as language, bipedalism, tool use, and other more studied characteristics. As Provine guides us through peculiarities right under our noses, he beckons us to follow with self-experiments: tickling our own feet, keeping a log of when we laugh, and attempting to suppress yawns and sneezes. Such humble investigations provide fodder for grade school science projects as well as doctoral dissertations. Small Science can yield big rewards.

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The book provides a not-yet definitive, but often fascinating, take on our most curious behaviors. Publishers Weekly 20120604 Provine has written a charming ode to 'Small Science'-science that does not require a large budget or fancy equipment but that is interesting nonetheless. Taking examples from his own research, some of which involved nothing more complicated than stalking graduate students and observing how and when they laugh, he explains the origins of some of the most prevalent, but often overlooked, human behaviors. -- Anna Kuchment Scientific American 20120801 With its many facts and anecdotes and unexpected stories, [Curious Behavior] begs you to continue where curiosity leads you, down both the boulevards and the back alleys of science. And that is exactly how [Provine] thinks science should be pursued. -- James Gorman New York Times 20120813 In this charmingly written and profoundly informative book, Provine gives us what he calls "sidewalk" neuroscience, a "scientific approach to everyday behavior based on simple observations and demonstrations that readers, even advanced grade-schoolers, can use to confirm, challenge, or extend the reported findings." In this era of "neurorealism," where much of the public believes you aren't doing real science if you aren't using fMRI to scan some brains, Provine's work in "small science" is refreshing. "The Small Science of this book is 'small,'" he explains, not because it is trivial but because it does not require "fancy equipment and a big budget." Small science teaches the art of observation and methods of interpretation: "Everyday life is teeming with the important and unexpected, if you know where to look and how to see." This message alone is worth the price of admission...Provine romps through the range of "curious behaviors" of his title, with each chapter offering up enlightening and unexpected findings...[A] marvelous book..."Small science" at its best. -- Carol Tavris Wall Street Journal 20120824 In Curious Behavior, neuroscientist Robert Provine discusses common yet seemingly strange actions, such as crying, tickling and yawning--subjects often overlooked by science. Beyond explaining how each of these actions work anatomically, Provine explores their functions, similarities and whether they might be linked by some higher, social purpose...Follow his advice, and Curious Behavior will leave you trying to yawn with clenched teeth, sneeze with your eyes open and noticing just how often you laugh at things that really aren't funny. -- Jessica Hamzelou New Scientist 20120825 In Curious Behavior, Robert Provine provides clear, entertaining, and (most importantly) data-driven accounts of familiar yet overlooked human quirks. These include yawning, laughing, crying, tears, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, vomiting and nausea, tickling, itching and scratching, farting and belching, and finally prenatal behavior. If you think you know when and why you laugh, what makes a face look sad, or why people yawn, you're probably in for a surprise...Written with humor and wit, Curious Behavior is an accessible and entertaining read with its musings about the theoretical Doomsday yawn, ineffectual astronaut tears, and the social implications of coughing and laughter. But it is also serious science about the importance of defining stimuli, using specific language, and understanding the difference between what people think they do, and what they actually do. The book may provide new windows into autistic behaviors, schizophrenia, and the definition of self...In a world where there is an increasing gulf between the public and scientists, Provine leads by example with straightforward science communication...This book is a must-have for any connoisseur of human behavior, whether studying in a classroom or from a barstool. -- Kenneth C. Catania The Scientist 20120823 How can farting, sneezing and other marginal biological realities illuminate humanness? Neuroscientist Robert Provine turns an evolutionary lens on everything from the gross to the faintly improper. The "contagiousness" of yawning, for instance, hints at the roots of empathy and herd behavior. Burping and farting were involved in the development of speech, says Provine. And tickling may play a part in our early understanding that we are distinct beings (you can't tickle yourself). An exercise in "small science"--some of it speculative, all of it fascinating. Nature 20120802 Do you think that each of the behaviors covered here is merely a randomly eccentric human quirk? Think again. For each of these odd functions, Provine dexterously combines wit, a fine way with words, and precise scientific context, to show us the evolutionary reason behind it...This is a delectable presentation for all who love the territory between pop and hardcore science writing. Highly recommended. -- Margaret Heilbrun Library Journal 20120915 Why do we yawn, tickle, laugh, cough, scratch, sneeze, hiccup, vomit, or cry? Over the years, Provine has investigated these and other behaviors in the lab and on the street, and the result is beautifully written and constantly surprising. -- Steven Poole The Guardian 20120922

Über den Autor

Robert R. Provine is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.

In diesem Buch (Mehr dazu)
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Amazon.com: 4.1 von 5 Sternen  14 Rezensionen
10 von 10 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
5.0 von 5 Sternen Fun Read, Good Lessons 4. September 2012
Von CK - Veröffentlicht auf Amazon.com
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe
I'm a big fan of this book. Provine did a lot of the research being described, and has worked with some of the greatest minds in the neurosciences (Levi-Montalcini and Viktor Hamburger). At the same time, the book promotes "small science" that can be done without huge grants or complicated equipment. It is also amazing that no one had taken the time (or had the creativity) to look at such basic human behaviors with the eye of a scientist. I think there are a lot of lessons here about good basic science and good science writing.
6 von 6 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
4.0 von 5 Sternen A Strange but fun read on Evolutionary Behavior 17. September 2012
Von D_shrink - Veröffentlicht auf Amazon.com
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe|Von Amazon bestätigter Kauf
As the author states he may be discussing some things in the smaller venues of science, but that doesn't mean they aren't interesting. The book is a microcosm of everyday things we take for granted and for which minimal hard research has been done over the years, which is in many cases what peaked the author's interest in the various things he reports on.

I found the first chapter on yawning to be the most interesting in the book. We learn such things as:
1. Yawning holds clues as to the development of our sociability and ability to empathize with others
2. "[T]he contagiousness of yawns is so potent that simply discussing yawns triggers yawns." I found that to be true in reading this particular chapter.
3. We are informed that turtles, snakes, birds, and even fish yawn
4. Typical falsehoods regarding yawns are -
a) it is caused by tiredness
b) it is caused by too high a level of CO2 in the blood
I won't spoil it for you as to what causes yawns, so you'll need to read the book to find out.

The chapter on laughter was simply fascinating, especially when I found out the women laugh more than men and that they truly like men who can make them laugh. Yep, according to the professor, that part of the dating game is the truth.

As for crying we find out that:
1. A crying baby increases breast temperature and prolactin levels in lactating females
2. Crying in babies increases from birth to about six weeks and then decreases in intensity and duration to about four months at which level it stays until the baby is about a year old.

Regarding the chapter on tears [p80-81], we are informed that elephants, chimps, and newborn humans cannot cry emotional tears. You'll need to read to find out the purpose behind them.

One fascinating thing told in the chapter on hiccups [p130] was of the Iowa farmer named Charles Osborne who began hiccuping in 1922 and didn't stop until 1990. Obviously he was in the Guinness book of World Records for his feat, but he didn't let such a thing as hiccuping slow him down as he was married twice, ran several businesses and had eight kids. :) BTW he died at 98 from complications of ulcers.

Yet the most humorous chapter in the book was the next to last in which the author gave a rather thorough discussion of flatulence and burping. It seems that a Frenchman by the name of Joseph Pujols [1857-1945] who was nicknamed Le Petomane [you'll love the English translation of that] was the headliner at the Moulin Rouge from 1892-1914 and the highest paid entertainer in the world, beating out the second highest Sarah Bernhardt. Without discussing his other wonderments, it was stated he could give a loud and emphatic rendition of the Marseille using flatulence only. Also the only animals that communicate using flatulence are herrings. You can't make this stuff up, it is simply too weird to be false. Let me just say that you'll think this chapter is a REAL GAS.

None of the science behind this stuff will win you a Nobel Prize, but it is a lot of fun to read about it.
1 von 1 Kunden fanden die folgende Rezension hilfreich
5.0 von 5 Sternen Nothing to sneeze at. (Including the explanation of why we sneeze.) 22. November 2012
Von Deb - Veröffentlicht auf Amazon.com
Format:Gebundene Ausgabe
Now, how many other books out there have an entire chapter dedicated to farting and belching?

This book is truly one of a kind. In addition to farting and belching, other curious human behaviors such as yawning, laughing, hiccupping, coughing, tickling, itching, vomiting, crying, and tearing are explored like never before. A developmental neuroscientist, the author takes us on a tour of the evolutionary origins and communicative functions of our not-often-talked-about bodily functions. In his own words:

"This book is full of sidewalk neuroscience, a scientific approach to everyday behavior based on simple observations and demonstrations that readers, even advanced grade-schoolers, can use to confirm, challenge, or extend the reported findings. Potential science fair projects as well as PhD dissertations are found in these pages...Piece by piece we collect parts of a scientific puzzle that, once assembled, will help us see the commonplace in new ways and reveal a perspective on human nature that was always hidden in plain sight." (pp. 10-11)

Besides providing you fascinating research-based explanations and insight into a collection of quirky human behaviors, this book will likely make you laugh along the way. The author's dry, but engaging, sense of humor nicely complements the serious research. See for yourself:
"My foray into fart science is a bit timid. The mere inclusion of the topic threatens to lower this book's intellectual tone. A confluence of circumstances forced the subject on me...With tenure safely in hand, I forged ahead. What started as a playful acoustic analysis led to the quite serious consideration of why we speak through the mouth instead of the rectum. Along the way, I discovered a quirky and amusing literature that may elevate the status of the lowly fart as a topic is scientific discourse." (p. 192)

You might even amuse yourself while reading this book as you find yourself enacting the quirky behaviors as you read about them. (It's hard not to yawn when reading vivid descriptions of people yawning and to refrain from scratching when reading about itch-producing stimuli and the scratches that so nicely soothe their skin-crawling effects.)

If you're curious about the uniquely human aspects of these quirky behaviors, you'll likely be satisfied, entertained, and surprised by this book. And, equally likely, you'll find that a sneeze/yawn/laugh/fart/belch will never again be just a sneeze/yawn/laugh/fart/belch.
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