This unique selection of reviews summarizes current knowledge in all major fields of crustacean neurobiology and all levels of their CNS organization, using lobster and crayfish. It not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also describes all available contemporary and advanced techniques, such as patch clamp recordings, microelectrode techniques, immunocytochemistry, and all methods of molecular genetics to identify cellular pathways of protein synthesis and peptidergic control. In summary, it is a comprehensive account of the research achievements in one of the major nervous systems besides the mammalian CNS. TOCPeptidergic Modulation of Identified Function.- Hormonal Control.- Aminergic Modulation of Behavior.- Aminergic Modulation at the Cellular and Molecular Level.- Synaptic Mechanisms.- Learning and Memory.- Olfaction.- Development.- Visual Systems.- Sensory Integration.- Neural Networks Controlling Vegetative Rhythms.- Circuitry Analysis.